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油菜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)凸塊擾流式旋風(fēng)分離清選裝置研究
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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備重點實驗室開放項目、國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(52205270、52075210)和中國博士后科學(xué)基金項目(2020M682438)


Design and Experiment of Cyclone Separation Cleaning Device with Raised Cylinder Disturbing Airflow Field for Rapeseed Combine Harvest
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    摘要:

    針對油菜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)旋風(fēng)分離清選氣流場分布存在死區(qū),導(dǎo)致油菜脫出物分離不徹底,夾帶損失率增加、清潔率降低等問題,提出了一種凸塊擾流式旋風(fēng)分離清選裝置,通過旋風(fēng)分離筒下錐段內(nèi)壁螺旋間隔排列的圓柱磁塊形成柱狀凸起,擾動內(nèi)部氣流場。基于運(yùn)動學(xué)與動力學(xué)分析開展了旋風(fēng)分離氣流場死區(qū)對油菜籽粒遷移的影響,分析表明氣流場死區(qū)不利于雜余的分離;明確了凸塊螺旋間隔排布方式,以旋風(fēng)分離筒入口風(fēng)速和吸雜口風(fēng)速以及凸塊排列的螺旋升角、間距、螺旋頭數(shù)為試驗因素,以清選裝置清潔率、損失率為評價指標(biāo),基于自主研發(fā)的油菜聯(lián)合收獲關(guān)鍵部件試驗臺開展了單因素試驗與Box-Behnken試驗,建立了清潔率與損失率和影響因素之間的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系模型,得出了旋風(fēng)分離清選裝置最佳參數(shù)組合并開展了臺架和田間驗證試驗。單因素試驗結(jié)果表明,增加凸塊擾流可提升旋風(fēng)分離清選裝置性能,當(dāng)凸塊采用4頭均勻?qū)ΨQ螺旋排布時,籽粒損失較少且清潔率較高;Box-Behnken試驗結(jié)果表明,最佳參數(shù)組合為螺旋升角66.2°、凸塊間距48.3mm、入口風(fēng)速4.9m/s、吸雜口風(fēng)速25.4m/s,在最佳參數(shù)組合下,清潔率與損失率的預(yù)測值分別為94.71%和3.58%,臺架驗證試驗測得清潔率與損失率的實測值分別為93.87%和4.21%。田間試驗表明旋風(fēng)分離清選裝置田間作業(yè)順暢,清潔率與損失率分別為90.03%~92.78%和4.52%~5.07%。該研究可為油菜聯(lián)合收獲清選裝置結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)提供參考。

    Abstract:

    Existing cyclone separation cleaning device, which uses the suspending airflow to separate rapeseed from the threshing outputs, still has the challenge to improve the performance, highlighting a need to reduce the airflow inside the cyclone separator for rapeseed combine harvest. As a solution, cyclone separation cleaning device with raised cylinder disturbing airflow field was put forward. The internal airflow field would be disturbed by raised cylinders that were spiral arranged in the inner wall of the lower cone of the cyclone separator. The effect of airflow dead zone on the migration of rapeseed was studied based on dynamics and kinematics analysis, and the kinematical equation indicated that the dead zone would not benefit the performance of the cleaning device. Besides, the arrangement of the raised cylinders was clarified. By taking the inlet and outlet velocities, spiral angle, space, and spiral number of the raised cylinders as the factor, while the cleaning ratio and loss ratio were considered to be the evaluation indexes, the single factor experiment and Box-Behnken experiments were carried out based on the self-developed test-bench for key components of rapeseed combine harvester. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the relationship between cleaning ratio, loss ratio and the factors were established to figure out the optimal parameter combination of the cleaning device. The single factor experiment results illustrated that the raised cylinders could help improve the performance of the cleaning device. The loss ratio was low and the cleaning ratio was relatively higher when the number of spirals was 4. Box-Behnken experiment results showed that the optimal parameter combination were the spiral angle of 66.2°, space between raised cylinders of 48.3mm, inlet velocity of 4.9m/s, and outlet velocity of 25.4m/s. Under the optimal condition, the predicted values of cleaning ratio and loss ratio were 94.71% and 3.58%, respectively. Meanwhile, the measured values of cleaning rate and loss rate, obtained by bench test, were 93.87% and 4.21%, respectively. The field experiment showed that the cyclone separation cleaning device operated smoothly in the field, and the cleaning ratio and loss ratio were 90.03%~92.78% and 4.52%~5.07%, respectively. The research result could provide a reference for the structural optimization and improvement of the cleaning device for the rapeseed combine harvester.

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萬星宇,袁佳誠,廖慶喜,張敏,關(guān)卓懷,李海同.油菜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)凸塊擾流式旋風(fēng)分離清選裝置研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2023,54(1):159-172. WAN Xingyu, YUAN Jiacheng, LIAO Qingxi, ZHANG Min, GUAN Zhuohuai, LI Haitong. Design and Experiment of Cyclone Separation Cleaning Device with Raised Cylinder Disturbing Airflow Field for Rapeseed Combine Harvest[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(1):159-172.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-01-10
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