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基于Harris和卡爾曼濾波的農(nóng)業(yè)機器人田間穩(wěn)像算法
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2020AAA0108103)、中國科學(xué)院機器人與智能制造創(chuàng)新研究院自主項目(C2021002)和中國科學(xué)院合肥物質(zhì)科學(xué)研究院院長基金項目(YZJJZX202013)


Field Image Stabilization Algorithm for Agricultural Robot Based on Harris and Kalman Filter
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    摘要:

    針對田間顛簸環(huán)境影響農(nóng)業(yè)機器人采集實時穩(wěn)定圖像問題,提出了基于Harris和卡爾曼濾波的農(nóng)業(yè)機器人田間穩(wěn)像算法。首先,利用攝像頭獲取田間抖動視頻圖像序列,進行圖像子區(qū)域劃分并計算各區(qū)域灰度均方差,進而確定各區(qū)域Harris角點閾值;通過自適應(yīng)角點閾值設(shè)置,增加角點距離約束,完成圖像角點檢測。然后,對檢測出的角點進行光流跟蹤,計算出幀間運動估計參數(shù)。最后,利用自適應(yīng)卡爾曼濾波算法對運動估計參數(shù)進行平滑操作并動態(tài)調(diào)整濾波平滑性能,獲得精確運動估計矢量。測試結(jié)果表明,改進后的Harris角點檢測算法區(qū)域平均分布標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差減小;自適應(yīng)卡爾曼濾波算法在保證平滑隨機運動前提下,跟蹤主動運動性能平均提升30.75個百分點;穩(wěn)像后的圖像峰間信噪比提升15.93%,單幀處理時間為25.66ms,滿足農(nóng)業(yè)機器人30f/s高速圖像采集時同步穩(wěn)像對實時性要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to solve the problem of image jitter of the tracked agricultural robot on the bumpy road in the field. Firstly, the field jitter video image sequence was obtained by the camera, the image was divided into molecular regions, and the mean square error of gray value of each region was calculated, and then the Harris corner threshold of each region was determined, and the adaptive corner threshold was set. The corner distance constraint was added to complete the corner detection of the image. Secondly, optical flow tracking was performed on the detected corners, and the parameters of interframe motion estimation were calculated. Finally, the motion estimation parameters were smoothed by the adaptive Kalman filter algorithm, and the smoothing performance of the filter was dynamically adjusted to obtain the accurate motion estimation vector. The experimental results showed that the improved Harris corner detection algorithm reduced the standard deviation of the average distribution of the region. Under the premise of ensuring smooth random motion, the tracking performance of active motion of adaptive Kalman filter was improved by 30.75 percentage points. After image stabilization, the signal to noise ratio of the image was improved by 15.93%, and the processing time of single frame was 25.66ms, which can meet the realtime processing at the acquisition rate of 30f/s. The traditional Harris corner detection algorithm was improved to overcome the phenomenon of uneven corner distribution and easy clustering. An adaptive Kalman filter algorithm was proposed to suppress the random motion of the camera and improve the performance of tracking the active motion of the camera, which had a good image stabilization performance in tracked agricultural robots.

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王杰,經(jīng)俊森,陳正偉,徐照勝,王少平.基于Harris和卡爾曼濾波的農(nóng)業(yè)機器人田間穩(wěn)像算法[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2023,54(1):30-36,53. WANG Jie, JING Junsen, CHEN Zhengwei, XU Zhaosheng, WANG Shaoping. Field Image Stabilization Algorithm for Agricultural Robot Based on Harris and Kalman Filter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(1):30-36,53.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-01-10
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