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智能餐廚垃圾處理裝備控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（51775548）


Design and Test of Control System for Intelligent Kitchen Waste Treatment Equipment
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    摘要:

    為解決餐廚垃圾資源化利用率不足、垃圾處理高污染和垃圾處理裝備能耗高,、操作不便等問(wèn)題,，設(shè)計(jì)一種智能餐廚垃圾處理裝備控制系統(tǒng)，以提高餐廚垃圾處理的自動(dòng)化水平,。該系統(tǒng)主要由STM32主控系統(tǒng)、電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng),、質(zhì)量控制系統(tǒng),、溫度調(diào)控系統(tǒng)、輔助控制系統(tǒng),、凈化系統(tǒng)和存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)組成,。基于USART HMI軟件設(shè)計(jì)智能串口屏界面，智能串口屏通過(guò)TTL串口與STM32單片機(jī)進(jìn)行串口通信,，能夠完成餐廚垃圾處理工作參數(shù)設(shè)置和顯示控制系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)信息,，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)餐廚垃圾處理裝備的精確控制。搭建試驗(yàn)硬件平臺(tái),，以系統(tǒng)工作的溫度區(qū)間和餐廚垃圾與高溫好氧復(fù)合微生物菌種的配比為試驗(yàn)因素,，以餐廚垃圾的減重率和用電量為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,，系統(tǒng)工作的溫度區(qū)間和餐廚垃圾與高溫好氧復(fù)合微生物菌種的配比對(duì)餐廚垃圾處理有顯著影響;當(dāng)控制系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的溫度區(qū)間為85~95℃,，餐廚垃圾與高溫好氧復(fù)合微生物菌種的比例為15∶1時(shí)，30kg餐廚垃圾和2kg菌種經(jīng)過(guò)5h處理,，減重率為90.38%,，平均用電量為1.96kW·h，處理餐廚垃圾效果顯著,。該系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)餐廚垃圾無(wú)害化處理,，餐廚垃圾處理后的有機(jī)物通過(guò)好氧堆肥技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化成腐殖質(zhì)，用于田間施肥或者制作動(dòng)物飼料,，提高垃圾資源化利用率,。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of insufficient resource utilization of kitchen waste, high pollution of waste treatment and high energy consumption and inconvenient operation of waste treatment equipment, an intelligent kitchen waste treatment equipment control system was designed to improve the automation level of kitchen waste treatment. The system was mainly composed of STM32 main control system, motor drive system, weight control system, temperature control system, auxiliary control system, purification system and storage system. The interface of intelligent serial port screen was designed based on USART HMI software. The intelligent serial port screen communicated with STM32 through TTL serial port, which could complete the working parameters setting of kitchen waste treatment and displayed the operation status information of the control system to realize the accurate control of kitchen waste treatment equipment. The experimental hardware platform was built, the temperature range of the system and the ratio of kitchen waste and high temperature aerobic microbial strains were used as experimental factors. The weight-loss ratio and power consumption of kitchen waste were used as experimental indexes. The experimental results showed that the temperature range of the system and the ratio of kitchen waste and high temperature aerobic microbial strains had very significant effect on kitchen waste treatment; when the temperature range of the control system was 85~95℃, the ratio of kitchen waste and high temperature aerobic microbial strains was 15∶1, 30kg kitchen waste and 2kg bacteria were treated for 5h, the weight-loss ratio was 90.38%, the average power consumption was 1.96kW·h, and the treatment effect of kitchen waste was remarkable. The system realized the harmless treatment of kitchen waste. The organic matter after kitchen waste treatment was converted into humus by aerobic composting technology, which was used for field fertilization or animal feed production to improve the utilization rate of waste resources.

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韓越強(qiáng),張銳,路成宇,王國(guó)業(yè),韓向輝,徐東鑫.智能餐廚垃圾處理裝備控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(s2):161-169. HAN Yueqiang, ZHANG Rui, LU Chengyu, WANG Guoye, HAN Xianghui, XU Dongxin. Design and Test of Control System for Intelligent Kitchen Waste Treatment Equipment[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s2):161-169.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-08-01
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