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面向駕駛員心理負(fù)荷的拖拉機(jī)智能操縱臺優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32201671)、中國科協(xié)科技智庫青年人才計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(20220615ZZ07110119)和中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)2115人才工程項(xiàng)目


Optimization of Tractor Intelligent Console for Driver’s Psychological Load
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    摘要:

    集成化智能操縱臺為高端農(nóng)機(jī)的核心共性部件,,廣泛應(yīng)用于拖拉機(jī),、噴霧機(jī)、收獲機(jī)等大型農(nóng)機(jī)裝備,,作為與駕駛員直接接觸的媒介,,對駕駛員的身心健康具有直接影響。針對駕駛員田間作業(yè)強(qiáng)度大,、心理負(fù)荷高的問題,,按照駕駛員主動健康要求,選擇國產(chǎn)典型操縱臺,,基于感性工學(xué)理論,,構(gòu)建心理負(fù)荷指標(biāo)體系,開展拖拉機(jī)智能操縱臺的靜態(tài)人機(jī)半物理試驗(yàn),,建立心理負(fù)荷主成分模型,,優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)面向最低心理負(fù)荷的操縱臺。首先,,構(gòu)建心理負(fù)荷評價(jià)體系,,基于國產(chǎn)大型拖拉機(jī)實(shí)機(jī)搭建人機(jī)半物理試驗(yàn)臺,選擇實(shí)際犁耕工況的駕駛員操控視頻,,設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn)方案,;其次,,選擇10名具有駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)的拖拉機(jī)駕駛員進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),記錄心理負(fù)荷各指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù),;再次,,根據(jù)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行心理負(fù)荷主成分建模,分析操縱臺優(yōu)化前的心理負(fù)荷設(shè)計(jì)缺陷,;最后,基于主成分分析結(jié)果,,面向心理負(fù)荷最小化要求,,應(yīng)用人機(jī)工程學(xué)理論從界面元素分布、元素顏色,、元素形狀等方面優(yōu)化操縱臺,,得到優(yōu)化后的操縱臺并進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明,,駕駛員的心理負(fù)荷主要由疲勞感受因素與疲勞緩解因素疊加而成,;優(yōu)化前操縱臺的心理舒適性平均分為0.403,其中,,疲勞感受因素的主要方面為視覺及頭頸疲勞(權(quán)重為0.458),,疲勞緩解因素的主要方面為作業(yè)自我效能感受(權(quán)重為0.578);優(yōu)化后的操縱臺心理舒適性平均分提升為2.048,,能顯著緩解心理負(fù)荷,。本文研究成果可為當(dāng)前智能拖拉機(jī)駕駛舒適性設(shè)計(jì)提供一定參考依據(jù),助力補(bǔ)齊農(nóng)機(jī)裝備主動健康理論短板,。

    Abstract:

    The humanized and less humanized operation is still the main working mode of the current mechanized operation. As the core common component of the highend agricultural machinery, the integrated intelligent console is widely used in tractors, sprayers, harvesters and other large agricultural machinery equipment. As a medium of direct contact with the driver, it has a direct impact on the physical and mental health of the driver. Aiming at the problem of high strength and high psychological load of manual operation, and the requirements of operators’ active health, the domestic typical console was selected. Based on Kansei engineering theory,the psychological load index system was constructed, and the static manmachine semiphysical test of tractor intelligent console was carried out. The principal component model of psychological load was established, and the console based on minimum psychological load was optimized. Firstly, the psychological load evaluation system was constructed, and the manmachine semiphysical test bed was built based on the domestic large tractor. The actual driving video of ploughing condition was selected and the test scheme was designed. Secondly, totally 10 drivers with tractor driving experience were selected to test and record the psychological load index data. Thirdly, the principal component model of psychological load was established according to the experimental data, and the design defects of the psychological load of the console before optimization were analyzed. Finally, based on the results of principal component analysis, in order to minimize the psychological load, the manmachine engineering theory was applied to optimize the console from the aspects of interface element distribution, element color and shape. The optimized console was obtained and then verified by experiments.The results showed that the psychological load of the driver was mainly composed of fatigue perception factors and fatigue mitigation factors. The average psychological comfort score of the console before optimization was 0.403. The main fatigue perception factor was visual and neck fatigue (weight: 0.458), and the main fatigue mitigation factor was job selfefficacy (weight: 0.578). The average score of the optimized console psychological comfort was increased to 2.048, which can significantly alleviate the psychological load. The research results can provide some reference for the design of comfort of intelligent tractors, and it can help to improve the design theories of agricultural machinery equipment active health.

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郭葦潔,宋正河,楊曉,李臻,李文杰,羅振豪.面向駕駛員心理負(fù)荷的拖拉機(jī)智能操縱臺優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(s1):340-347. GUO Weijie, SONG Zhenghe, YANG Xiao, LI Zhen, LI Wenjie, LUO Zhenhao. Optimization of Tractor Intelligent Console for Driver’s Psychological Load[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s1):340-347.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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