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拖掛式大載荷特種車輛導(dǎo)航控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD20006)


Design and Experiment of Navigation Control System for Trailer Special Vehicle
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    摘要:

    針對拖掛式大載荷特種車輛作業(yè)自動化以及高精度安全作業(yè)需求,,以大載荷牽引車為對象,,設(shè)計了一套拖掛式機(jī)組自主導(dǎo)航控制系統(tǒng)。車載程控系統(tǒng)采用模塊化分布式系統(tǒng),,通過CAN總線實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)各模塊間通信,,遠(yuǎn)程運(yùn)管平臺與車載程控終端之間采用TCP協(xié)議進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)通信,實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程運(yùn)管平臺與車載程控系統(tǒng)間信息交互,。建立拖掛式特種車輛的運(yùn)動學(xué)模型,,分析牽引作業(yè)時被牽引機(jī)具的牽引狀態(tài)和最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑。針對傳統(tǒng)純追蹤算法中固定前視距離缺陷,,本文根據(jù)當(dāng)前牽引車實(shí)時速度,、追蹤路徑曲率、航向等信息動態(tài)計算前視距離,,將固定前視距離改進(jìn)為動態(tài)前視距離追蹤,,由單參數(shù)變?yōu)槎鄥?shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化控制參數(shù),顯著提高了軌跡追蹤精度,;使用隨機(jī)森林算法對軌跡追蹤數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行特征提取,,根據(jù)各個特征重要性指標(biāo)權(quán)重,修改算法參數(shù),。在試驗(yàn)場地為水平傾斜度最大為2°的空曠的水泥跑道上,,牽引車質(zhì)量2t,被牽引機(jī)具質(zhì)量10t,、長22m,,且牽引機(jī)組設(shè)計要求最大行駛速度為6km/h、最大橫向偏差為50cm,。根據(jù)復(fù)雜路徑試驗(yàn)與數(shù)據(jù)分析,,系統(tǒng)糾偏響應(yīng)時延最大為84ms,牽引機(jī)組絕對橫向誤差最大為37.14cm,,平均絕對誤差為14.91cm,,滿足大載荷拖掛作業(yè)中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the operation automation and high-precision safety operation requirements of trailer-type large-load special vehicles, a set of trailer-type unit autonomous navigation control system was designed for the large-load tractor. The vehicle-mounted program control system adopted a modular distributed system, and the communication between the modules in the system was realized through the CAN bus. The TCP protocol was used for data communication between the remote operation and management platform and the vehicle-mounted program control terminal, so as to realize the information exchange between the remote operation and management platform and the vehicle-mounted program control system. The kinematic model of the trailer-type special vehicle was established, and the towing state and the minimum turning radius of the towed machine were analyzed during the towing operation. Aiming at the defect of fixed foresight distance in the traditional pure pursuit algorithm, the foresight distance was dynamically calculated based on the current realtime speed of the tractor, tracking path curvature, heading and other information, and the fixed foresight distance into dynamic foresight distance tracking was improved. The control parameters were optimized for multiple parameters, which significantly improved the accuracy of trajectory tracking;the random forest algorithm was used to extract the features of the trajectory tracking data, and the algorithm parameters were modified according to the weight of each feature importance index. On an open concrete runway with a maximum horizontal inclination of 2° on the test site, the mass of the tractor was 2t, the mass of the towed machine was 10t, and the length was 22m, and the design of the traction unit required a maximum running speed of 6km/h and a maximum lateral deviation of 50cm. According to the long and complex path test and data analysis, the maximum delay of the system correction response was 84ms, the maximum absolute lateral error of the traction unit was 37.14cm, and the average absolute error was 14.91cm, which met the practical application requirements in large-load towing operations.

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偉利國,袁玉龍,董鑫,周達(dá),汪雅琦,陳文科.拖掛式大載荷特種車輛導(dǎo)航控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2022,53(s1):324-331. WEI Liguo, YUAN Yulong, DONG Xin, ZHOU Da, WANG Yaqi, CHEN Wenke. Design and Experiment of Navigation Control System for Trailer Special Vehicle[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s1):324-331.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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