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保護性耕作對寒地黑土土壤水熱效應與玉米產量的影響
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD1500802-6)和國家自然科學基金項目(51809042)


Effects of Different Conservation Tillage Methods on Soil Hydrothermal Condition as well as Maize Yield in Cold Black Soil Region
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    摘要:

    為探明保護性耕作對東北寒地黑土土壤水熱狀況和玉米產量的影響,,基于秸稈全量還田和免耕播種為核心的黑土地保護性耕作方式,,設置寬窄行秸稈全覆蓋還田(FM)、均勻行秸稈全覆蓋還田(LM),、秸稈旋耕全量還田(LX)和常規(guī)壟作秸稈離田(LN)4種模式,,探究保護性耕作對寒地黑土土壤水熱效應、玉米干物質量,、產量構成及水氮利用效率的影響,。結果表明:在玉米生育期內,保護性耕作能夠顯著提高土壤含水率,,調節(jié)土壤溫度,,針對不同的氣溫變化,進行“增降溫”,。保護性耕作處理較LN處理0~60cm土層平均土壤體積含水率增加27.28%~63.86%,,氣溫最高時使平均土壤溫度降低3.20%~7.63%,成熟期氣溫低時使平均土壤溫度增加2.32%~5.37%,。保護性耕作顯著提高了水分利用效率(WUE)以及作物對氮素的吸收與利用,,其中WUE較LN處理提高7.26%~12.90%,同時氮素吸收效率,、氮素收獲指數(shù)分別提高14.29%~42.86%,、4.00%~12.00%。保護性耕作能夠提高玉米產量,,促進玉米干物質積累,,玉米產量、干物質量分別較LN處理提高37.7~431.0kg/hm2和2322.3~5451.7kg/hm2,,LM處理產量變異系數(shù)最小,,產量最穩(wěn)定。

    Abstract:

    In order to determine the effect of conservation tillage practices on soil hydrothermal condition and maize yield in cold black soil region of Northeast China, four treatments (FM: widenarrow row planting patterns with straw mulching; LM: well-distributed row planting patterns with straw mulching; LX: rotary tillage with straw returning; LN: conventional ridge cultivation) were designed based on the conservation tillage method with straw returning. The effect of different treatments on soil hydrothermal effects, dry matter mass, maize yield and water and nitrogen utilization in cold black soil region was investigated. The results showed that during the maize growth period, conservation tillage can significantly increase soil water content, adjust soil temperature, and “increase and cool down” according to different air temperature changes. The average soil water content of the 0~60cm soil layer in the LM treatment was increased by 27.28%~63.86% than that of LN treatment. The average soil temperature was decreased by 3.20%~7.63% when air temperature was the highest, and increased by 2.32%~5.37% when the air temperature decreased at the mature stage. Conservation tillage practices significantly improved WUE and nitrogen uptake and utilization of maize during the growth period. Compared with LN treatment, LM treatment increased WUE by 7.26%~12.90%, while NUE and NHI were increased by 14.29%~42.86% and 4.00%~12.00%, respectively. Conservation tillage practices could effectively improve maize yield and promote the accumulation of dry matter. Compared with LN treatment, LM treatment increased maize yield and dry matter mass by 37.7~431.0kg/hm2 and 2322.3~5451.7kg/hm2, respectively. The LM treatment had the smallest yield variation coefficient and was the most suitable conservation tillage practice with stable yield in cold black soil region.

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齊智娟,宋芳,張忠學,劉明,尹致皓,李驁.保護性耕作對寒地黑土土壤水熱效應與玉米產量的影響[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(12):380-389. QI Zhijuan, SONG Fang, ZHANG Zhongxue, LIU Ming, YIN Zhihao, LI Ao. Effects of Different Conservation Tillage Methods on Soil Hydrothermal Condition as well as Maize Yield in Cold Black Soil Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(12):380-389.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-03-09
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