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履帶自走式單行大白菜收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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浙江省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)項(xiàng)目(2018C02025)


Design and Experiment of Crawler Self-propelled Single-row Harvester for Chinese Cabbage
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)我國(guó)大白菜收獲機(jī)械化水平低,、配套技術(shù)與裝備缺乏的現(xiàn)狀,在分析大白菜主要種植模式和機(jī)械化收獲要求的基礎(chǔ)上,,對(duì)大白菜機(jī)械化收獲關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,,確定了先切根再夾持導(dǎo)向、輸送的機(jī)械化收獲方案,,并設(shè)計(jì)了一種適合我國(guó)南方地區(qū)田間作業(yè)的履帶自走式單行大白菜收獲機(jī)。該收獲機(jī)主要由切割裝置,、夾持導(dǎo)向裝置,、傾斜輸送裝置、水平輸送裝置、收集裝置,、液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)等關(guān)鍵部件組成,,可一次性完成大白菜的切根、夾持導(dǎo)向,、輸送與裝箱等收獲作業(yè),。為了獲得該機(jī)的良好作業(yè)性能,對(duì)各關(guān)鍵裝置和部件進(jìn)行了理論計(jì)算與分析,,并進(jìn)行了樣機(jī)試制和田間性能試驗(yàn),。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)機(jī)器前進(jìn)速度約為0.30m/s,,切根裝置,、夾持導(dǎo)向裝置以及夾持導(dǎo)向裝置的液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)速分別設(shè)置為300、300,、175r/min時(shí),,該大白菜收獲機(jī)平均生產(chǎn)率達(dá)0.11hm2/h,平均切根合格率為93.40%,,平均夾持成功率為95.86%,,平均輸送成功率為100%,平均作業(yè)損失率為7.84%,,收獲機(jī)各關(guān)鍵部件工作穩(wěn)定,,收獲效果較好,基本滿足大白菜的機(jī)械化收獲要求,。

    Abstract:

    In order to ameliorate the current situation of low level of mechanization of Chinese cabbage harvesting and lack of supporting technology and equipment, the key technologies of mechanized harvesting of Chinese cabbage were developed based on analyzing the main planting modes and requirements of mechanized harvesting. The mechanized harvesting technique route of cutting root first, and then clamping and guiding, and transporting was determined, and a single-row self-propelled Chinese cabbage harvester suitable for field operation in southern China was designed. The harvester was mainly composed of cutting device, clamping and guiding device, inclined conveying device, horizontal conveying device, collecting device, hydraulic transmission system, etc., and a single-row and one-time harvesting method was adopted to complete the operations such as cutting roots, clamping and guiding, conveying, and packing of Chinese cabbage. In order to obtain good operation performance of the machine, the theoretical calculation and analysis of the key devices and components were carried out, and finally the actual operation performance of the harvester was further verified by five repeated field tests according to other relative national standards. The Chinese cabbage variety planted in the test plot was “Zaoshu No.5”, which adopted a wide-ridge and multi-row planting mode in open field. The soil in the test plot was clay loam, the ridge surface width was approximately 900mm, the planting spacing was ranged from 300mm to 350mm, and the row spacing was ranged from 340mm to 400mm. Field test results showed that when the working speed was approximately 0.30m/s, and motor driving speed of the root cutting device, the clamping guide device and the clamping guide device were 300r/min, 300r/min and 175r/min, respectively, the average productivity of the Chinese cabbage harvester was 0.11hm2/h, the average qualified rate of root-cutting was 93.40%, the average success rate of clamping was 95.86%, and the average success rate of delivery was 100%, and the average operating loss rate was 7.84%. Moreover, the working parts of the harvester worked stably and showed a good harvest effect, which indicated that the harvester prototype basically meeting the requirements of mechanized harvesting of Chinese cabbage, and providing a reference for solving the problem of Chinese cabbage mechanized harvest.

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張靜,王俊,杜冬冬,龍思放,王永維,游鑫榮.履帶自走式單行大白菜收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(12):134-146. ZHANG Jing, WANG Jun, DU Dongdong, LONG Sifang, WANG Yongwei, YOU Xinrong. Design and Experiment of Crawler Self-propelled Single-row Harvester for Chinese Cabbage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(12):134-146.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-02-15
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