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玉米植保無人機熱霧噴施系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與霧滴分布特性試驗
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安徽省自然科學(xué)基金項目(1908085MC91)、安徽省高校合作協(xié)同攻關(guān)項目(GXXT-2020-011)和安徽省高校自然科學(xué)研究項目(KJ2020A0105)


Thermal Spray System Design and Droplet Distribution Characteristics Test of Maize Plant Protection UAV
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    摘要:

    針對玉米中后期封行后高地隙植保機難以下田,、傳統(tǒng)植保無人機霧滴穿透性差導(dǎo)致病蟲害難以防控等問題,,本文將脈沖煙霧機的熱力霧化和低量噴霧技術(shù)與高效率的植保無人機進行結(jié)合,,提出了植保無人機搭載熱霧噴施系統(tǒng)的植保作業(yè)方案,設(shè)計了熱霧噴施管路與遙控作業(yè)系統(tǒng),,并開展了灌漿期玉米植保作業(yè)試驗,。以清水代替農(nóng)藥進行噴霧作業(yè),在試驗區(qū)域設(shè)置水平和垂直采樣點,,通過水敏試紙收集沉積在各采樣點的霧滴,,并利用霧滴分析軟件測出熱霧植保無人機霧滴在不同采樣區(qū)域的沉積分布結(jié)果。試驗結(jié)果表明:噴霧區(qū)域采樣范圍-2~6m的霧滴粒徑和霧滴密度分布差異較為明顯,,在距噴口0~2m水平位置霧滴較為集中,,垂直方向玉米冠層至底層的霧滴粒徑和密度依次減小,整個采樣區(qū)域內(nèi)霧滴密度均超過20個/cm2,。霧滴覆蓋率和沉積量總體變化趨勢一致,,其中,距噴口前方1m位置各垂直采樣層葉片正面的霧滴覆蓋率均取到最大值,,從上層到地表依次為18.02%,、13.48%、4.37%和2.11%,,冠層葉片正面霧滴沉積量在此區(qū)域也達到最大值,,為0.36μL/cm2,整體上葉片正面的霧滴覆蓋率和霧滴沉積量均大于同位置葉片反面數(shù)值,。此外,,除少數(shù)采樣點位置因霧滴重疊、黏連導(dǎo)致霧滴譜寬度大于2μm以外,,其他采樣點的數(shù)據(jù)均符合低容量噴灑條件下霧滴譜寬度小于等于2.0μm的技術(shù)指標,。該研究可為熱霧植保無人機在玉米等高稈作物中后期植保作業(yè)的參數(shù)優(yōu)化和使用提供參考依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    In view of the problem that it is difficult for highgap plant protection machines to enter the field in the middle and late period of maize, and the poor penetration of droplets by traditional plant protection UAV makes it difficult to prevent and control pests and diseases, combining the thermal atomization and low-volume spraying technology of pulse smoke machine with high-efficiency plant protection UAV, a plant protection operation scheme of UAV equipped with thermal fog spraying system was proposed. The thermal spray pipeline and remote control system were designed, and the spraying operation experiment of maize plant protection during grain filling period was carried out. Spraying operations were carried out with water instead of pesticides. Horizontal and vertical sampling points were set up in the test area. Droplets deposited at each sampling point were collected by water-sensitive test paper, and the deposition distribution results of thermal fog plant protection UAV droplets in different sampling areas were measured by the droplet analysis software. The results showed that there were obvious differences in droplet size and droplet density distribution in the spray area from -2m to 6m, and the droplets were more concentrated at the horizontal position of 0~2m from the nozzle. The droplet size and density from the corn canopy to the bottom layer in the vertical direction was decreased in turn, and the droplet density in the whole sampling area exceeded 20cm-2. The droplet coverage and deposition parameters were consistent with the overall trend. The droplet coverage rate of each vertical sampling layer at 1m from the front of the nozzle was the maximum, which was 18.02%, 13.48%, 4.37% and 2.11% from the corn canopy to the bottom layer, respectively. The droplet deposition amount on the front of leaves in the canopy also reached the maximum value of 0.36μL/cm2 in this area. In the whole, the droplet coverage rate and droplet deposition amount on the front of leaves were higher than those on the opposite side of leaves at the same position. In addition, except for a few sampling points where the droplet spectrum width was higher than 2μm due to droplet overlap and adhesion, the data of other sampling points met the technical index of droplet spectrum width less than 2.0μm under low-volume spraying conditions. The research result can provide a reference for the parameter optimization and correct use of the thermal fog plant protection UAV in the middle and late plant protection operations of high-stalk crops such as corn. The research can provide a reference for the parameter optimization and correct use of thermal fog plant protection UAV in the middle and late stage of plant protection operation of maize and other high stalk crops.

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劉立超,孫可可,張千偉,陳黎卿,程備久,鄭泉.玉米植保無人機熱霧噴施系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與霧滴分布特性試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(12):80-88. LIU Lichao, SUN Keke, ZHANG Qianwei, CHEN Liqing, CHENG Beijiu, ZHENG Quan. Thermal Spray System Design and Droplet Distribution Characteristics Test of Maize Plant Protection UAV[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(12):80-88.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-10-22
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