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氣動翻轉(zhuǎn)梳齒式菊花采摘裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)(CARS-21)


Design and Test of Pneumatic Flipping Comb-type Chrysanthemum Picking Device
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    摘要:

    針對菊花人工采摘效率低、尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化等問題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種氣動翻轉(zhuǎn)梳齒式菊花采摘裝置,。該采摘裝置主要由采摘部件、清齒部件,、氣動拋送機(jī)構(gòu),、絲杠升降機(jī)構(gòu)、行走裝置和收集裝置等組成,,利用梳齒的梳刷作用將花朵采摘下來,,借助清齒部件和氣動拋送機(jī)構(gòu)完成收集工作,,采摘部件的工作高度通過絲杠升降機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。根據(jù)菊花的生長特性和采摘要求,,確定了采摘部件中偏置曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)和采摘梳齒的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和運(yùn)動參數(shù),。搭建了采摘樣機(jī),以曲柄轉(zhuǎn)速,、梳齒間距,、機(jī)器行駛速度為試驗(yàn)因素,以采摘率,、損傷率和含雜率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),,進(jìn)行了三元二次回歸組合試驗(yàn),建立了因素與指標(biāo)間數(shù)學(xué)模型并確定了最優(yōu)的參數(shù)組合,,試驗(yàn)表明:在曲柄轉(zhuǎn)速為47.94r/min,、梳齒間距為8mm、機(jī)器行駛速度為0.17m/s的因素水平組合下,,采摘效果最佳,。此時(shí),采摘率為92%,,損傷率為1.83%,,含雜率為10%。該氣動翻轉(zhuǎn)梳齒式菊花采摘裝置運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,,通過性良好,,滿足菊花采摘的農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    In view of the low efficiency of manual picking of chrysanthemum and the lack of mechanization, a pneumatic flipping comb-type chrysanthemum picking device was designed based on the idea of reciprocating motion of picking parts. The picking device was mainly composed of picking part, tooth cleaning part, pneumatic throwing device, screw lifting mechanism, walking device and collecting device, etc. The flowers were picked by the combing action of the comb teeth, and the collecting work was completed by the tooth cleaning part and pneumatic throwing device, and the working height of the picking part can be adjusted by the screw lifting mechanism. Based on the analysis of the growth characteristics and picking requirements of chrysanthemums, a pneumatic flipping comb-type chrysanthemum picking device was designed. The working principle of the picking device was analyzed, the force analysis and theoretical calculation were passed and the structure and working parameters of each component were determined. A prototype picking machine was built, and a ternary quadratic regression combination test was conducted with crank speed, comb spacing and machine driving speed as the test factors, and the picking rate, breakage rate and impurity rate as the test indexes, a mathematical model between the factors and indexes was established, and the optimal combination of parameters was determined. The best picking effect was achieved when the crank speed was 47.94 r/min, the comb spacing was 8mm and the machine driving speed was 0.17 m/s. At this time, the picking rate was 92%, the breakage rate was 1.83%, and the impurity rate was 10%. This pneumatic flipping comb-type chrysanthemum picking device had stable operation and good passability, which met the agronomic requirements of chrysanthemum picking.

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王榮炎,于慧爽,陳安迪,李愛潮,高磊,鄭志安.氣動翻轉(zhuǎn)梳齒式菊花采摘裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(10):184-193. WANG Rongyan, YU Huishuang, CHEN Andi, LI Aichao, GAO Lei, ZHENG Zhian. Design and Test of Pneumatic Flipping Comb-type Chrysanthemum Picking Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(10):184-193.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-02-18
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