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油菜無人播種作業(yè)兩退三切魚尾自動調(diào)頭方法
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000402、2021YFD2000402-3)和湖北省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021BBA080)


Unmanned Seeding Automatic Control Method of Rapeseed Based on Two-back and Three-cut Fishtail U-turn Model
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    摘要:

    為減小油菜無人播種作業(yè)系統(tǒng)調(diào)頭產(chǎn)生的未作業(yè)區(qū)域面積,,提高作業(yè)行切換對行精度,,提出一種兩退三切魚尾調(diào)頭自動控制方法?;贑aseTM1404型拖拉機,、北斗RTK和2BFQ-8型油菜精量直播機構(gòu)建了一套油菜無人播種作業(yè)系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)該系統(tǒng)參數(shù),,定量分析了3種魚尾調(diào)頭模型的路徑幾何關(guān)系,,以田頭未作業(yè)區(qū)域面積最少和對行精度最優(yōu)為目標生成魚尾調(diào)頭路徑,基于幾何模型和運動學模型設(shè)計了改進的模糊自適應(yīng)純追蹤控制器,,依據(jù)該控制器結(jié)合油菜精量直播機播種規(guī)范構(gòu)建了控制策略,。開展了3種魚尾調(diào)頭模型田頭未作業(yè)區(qū)域面積仿真,仿真結(jié)果表明,,兩退三切魚尾調(diào)頭模型相對于傳統(tǒng)魚尾調(diào)頭模型田頭未作業(yè)區(qū)域面積減少14.62%~22.43%,。運用該調(diào)頭方法開展了田間無人播種作業(yè)試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明:兩退三切魚尾調(diào)頭方法較傳統(tǒng)魚尾調(diào)頭方法初始橫向偏差減小7.37~8.08cm,,上升時間減少1.3~2.3s,,無人作業(yè)對行精度為1.48cm。該研究為油菜無人播種作業(yè)過程中的梭行路徑調(diào)頭換行方法提供了技術(shù)支撐,。

    Abstract:

    As one of the important parts in the intelligent construction of the whole rapeseed industrial chain, the unmanned seeding operation of rapeseed can greatly improve the operation accuracy and labor production efficiency, and achieve the effect of reducing costs and improving efficiency. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the main producing areas of winter rapeseed in China. In the process of unmanned seeding operation, linear navigation is the main method, and field U-turn and line-feed play a key linking role, and the U-turn path planning and controlling effect directly affect the line-to-ine accuracy. Affected by the land and previous crops in Southern China, especially in the rice-oil rotation area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the land scale is small and the soil is sticky. The unmanned planting operation process is complicated at the head of the field, and the U-turn is easy to slip when making the U-turn, and it is easy to produce deviation after changing the line. The tractor start the next row of seeding operations before it goes on the working line, resulting in poor row alignment accuracy and the phenomenon of replay and missed seeding, which directly affects the quality of rapeseed seeding operations. Aiming at the problems of complex line-feeding and poor accurate line-to-line ability of tractor navigation during unmanned seeding operation, a two-back and three-cut fishtail U-turn model was proposed to find the line. Analyzing the characteristics of unmanned seeding operation and equipment characteristics of the rapeseed direct seeding unit, and taking quantitative analysis in the line-hunting path at the U-turn at the field head, a set of rapeseeds unmanned seeding operation system was constructed, the main parts included CaseTM1404 tractor, Beidou high-precision positioning system, angle sensor, vehicle controller, CAN analyzer, industrial computer, electronically controlled steering wheel and rapeseed precision seeder. The simulation test of three kinds of fishtail turning models was carried out. The results showed that the area of the non operating area of the two-back and three-cut fishtail U-turn model was reduced by 14.62%~22.43% compared with the traditional fishtail U-turn model. The field unmanned seeding operation experiment of the model controller was carried out, and the results showed that the initial offset distance and rising time of the two-back and three-cut fishtail U-turn model was reduced by 7.37~8.08cm and 1.3~2.3s compared with that of the traditional fishtail U-turn model, and the operation alignment accuracy was 1.48cm. This research result had guiding value for the comb-path U-turn operation during unmanned seeding operation of rapeseed.

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張朝宇,盧邦,李強,王登輝,熊子慶,丁幼春.油菜無人播種作業(yè)兩退三切魚尾自動調(diào)頭方法[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(10):66-75. ZHANG Chaoyu, LU Bang, LI Qiang, WANG Denghui, XIONG Ziqing, DING Youchun. Unmanned Seeding Automatic Control Method of Rapeseed Based on Two-back and Three-cut Fishtail U-turn Model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(10):66-75.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-15
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