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高地隙履帶自走式中間條鋪油菜割曬機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(52075210)、財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項(xiàng)(CARS-12),、中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2020M682438)和湖北省丘陵山區(qū)主要農(nóng)作物機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)裝備研發(fā)與集成示范項(xiàng)目


Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Middle-placement Rape Windrower with High Ground Elearance Crawler
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)常規(guī)油菜割曬機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,,對(duì)長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū)油菜種植需開畦作溝,、小田塊間溝梗交錯(cuò)等適應(yīng)性不足,作業(yè)參數(shù)對(duì)鋪放質(zhì)量的影響關(guān)系不明確,,導(dǎo)致機(jī)具通過性和鋪放質(zhì)量有待提高等問題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種高地隙履帶自走式中間條鋪油菜割曬機(jī),開展了高地隙履帶式動(dòng)力底盤,、橫向輸送裝置,、切割系統(tǒng)、液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)等的設(shè)計(jì)與選型,,結(jié)合油菜栽培農(nóng)藝開展了中間植株與兩側(cè)植株的鋪放過程分析,,明確了直接與間接影響鋪放質(zhì)量的植株參數(shù)、割曬機(jī)技術(shù)參數(shù)與栽培農(nóng)藝要求,。為驗(yàn)證整機(jī)性能,,開展了機(jī)具通過性能試驗(yàn)與田間試驗(yàn)。性能試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:割曬機(jī)在硬質(zhì)路面與松軟土壤條件下直行平均偏移程度分別為0.73%和1.28%,,單邊制動(dòng)條件下平均轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑分別為1.91m和2.03m,,上下斜坡、翻越田埂,、跨越畦溝過程較為平穩(wěn),。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度為0.7m/s、撥禾輪轉(zhuǎn)速為30r/min,、橫向輸送裝置轉(zhuǎn)速為240r/min,、割刀曲柄轉(zhuǎn)速為320r/min時(shí),收獲綠熟期油菜的平均鋪放寬度與平均鋪放高度分別為968.7mm和389.4mm,,平均鋪放角為13.3°,,上下層鋪放角度差為3.5°;收獲黃熟期油菜的平均鋪放寬度與平均鋪放高度分別為956.8mm和468.3mm,,平均鋪放角為13.6°,,上下層鋪放角度差為4.4°;收獲不同成熟期油菜的鋪放質(zhì)量基本滿足實(shí)際生產(chǎn)需求,,履帶式動(dòng)力底盤左右兩側(cè)對(duì)廂面碾壓程度基本一致,,整機(jī)左右質(zhì)量分配相對(duì)合理。

    Abstract:

    Existing development of rape windrower, which could cut and windrow the plants, has the challenge to improve the trafficability and windrow quality to overcome the complicated field conditions, highlighting a need for exploration of the windrow equipment with simplified structure and stable trafficability. As a solution, the self-propelled middle-placement rape windrower with a high ground clearance crawler was designed. Except for the crawler, the transverse conveying device, cutting system, and hydraulic drive system were also designed and selected. Combined with the rapeseed cultivation agronomy, the laying process of plants was analyzed. The plant parameters, the technical parameters of the windrower and the cultivation agronomy requirements which directly and indirectly affected the quality of plants placement were determined. In order to verify the performance of the windrower, the trafficability test and field functional experiment were carried out. The trafficability test results showed that the average deviation degree of the windrower on hard road surface and soft soil was 0.73% and 1.28%, respectively, and the average turning radius of the windrower under unilateral braking condition was 1.91m and 2.03m, respectively. The windrower could work stable when driving uphill and downhill or overcoming the field ridge and ditch. To verify the function of the windrower, the field experiment was carried out. Under the condition of the forward speed of the machine was 0.7m/s, the reel rate was 30r/min,transverse conveying device rate was 240r/min, cutter crank rate was 320r/min, the average windrowing width was 968.7mm and the height was 389.4mm when harvesting the plants at the mature green stage. Besides, the average laying angle was 13.3°, and the difference between the upper and lower laying angles was 3.5°. When harvesting the plants at the yellow ripeness stage, the average windrowing width and height were 956.8mm and 468.3mm, respectively, while the average laying angle was 13.6°, and the difference of laying angle between upper and lower layers was 4.4°. The placement quality of harvesting rape plants at different maturity stages could both meet the basic requirement of rapeseed production. Furthermore, the soil compaction of each side of the crawler was almost the same, indicating that the mass distribution of the windrower was relatively reasonable. The research result can provide a reference for the structural design and optimization of rape windrower.

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萬星宇,舒彩霞,廖慶喜,樊偉,周啟凡,廖宜濤.高地隙履帶自走式中間條鋪油菜割曬機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(9):109-121. WAN Xingyu, SHU Caixia, LIAO Qingxi, FAN Wei, ZHOU Qifan, LIAO Yitao. Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Middle-placement Rape Windrower with High Ground Elearance Crawler[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(9):109-121.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-09-10
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