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山地拖拉機坡地等高線旋耕土壤侵蝕規(guī)律研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0700503)和陜西省科技重大專項(2020zdzx03-04-01)


Soil Erosion Law of Contour Rotary Tillage of Hillside Tractoron Sloping Land
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    摘要:

    針對黃土高原丘陵山區(qū)坡地等高線旋耕作業(yè)時土壤耕作侵蝕(土壤由坡高側(cè)向坡低側(cè)遷移)嚴重及其機理不明等問題,通過理論分析,、仿真試驗,、土槽及實地試驗相結(jié)合的方法,深入開展山地拖拉機坡地旋耕侵蝕規(guī)律研究,。首先,,構(gòu)建了H245標準型常用旋耕刀在坡地工況下的擾土體積參數(shù)方程,完成了旋耕刀坡地擾土過程的經(jīng)典力學(xué)分析,,確定了導(dǎo)致坡地旋耕土壤侵蝕的主要影響因素:坡地角,、耕作深度,、刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速以及旋耕作業(yè)速度;然后,,基于EDEM離散元仿真軟件研究了單把旋耕刀和旋耕機整機的坡地擾土規(guī)律,,得出土壤顆粒在旋耕刀側(cè)切刃的動態(tài)滑切作用下有水平向后運動的行為,淺層土壤顆粒位移最大,,深層土壤顆粒位移最小,,并且深層靠近旋耕刀回轉(zhuǎn)中心的土壤顆粒位移最大;土壤的側(cè)向位移方向受旋耕刀正切刃朝向的影響,;隨著旋耕刀的入土,,土壤顆粒在垂直方向的位置呈先變深后變淺的趨勢。最后,,選取旋耕刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速,、旋耕作業(yè)速度和坡地角作為試驗因素,進行了實地旋耕單因素和正交試驗,,單因素試驗得到土壤水平,、側(cè)向位移隨著上述3個因素變化的規(guī)律;正交試驗方差分析得到影響土壤側(cè)向位移的主次因素為坡地角,、旋耕刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速,、旋耕作業(yè)速度,影響土壤水平位移的主次因素為旋耕作業(yè)速度,、坡地角,、旋耕刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速;擬合得到土壤側(cè)向位移,、水平位移與自變量之間的回歸方程,,并經(jīng)參數(shù)尋優(yōu)確定在5種隨機設(shè)定坡地角下旋耕機最優(yōu)作業(yè)參數(shù)組合。該研究可為現(xiàn)有旋耕機在黃土高原坡耕區(qū)低侵蝕作業(yè)提供技術(shù)指導(dǎo),,為坡地專用旋耕機的設(shè)計提供研究思路。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem of soil tillage erosion (soil migration from the higher side of the sloping land to the lower side) and its unknown mechanism during the contour rotary tillage operation of the slopes in the hilly and mountainous areas of the Loess Plateau. Through the combination of theoretical analysis, simulation test, soil trough and field test, the research on the erosion mechanism of rotary tillage by hillside tractor on sloping land was carried out in depth. Firstly, the parameter equation of soil disturbing volume of H245 standard rotary blade under sloping conditions was constructed, the classical mechanical analysis of the soil disturbing process of the rotary blade was completed, and the main influencing factors of soil erosion were determined: tillage depth, rotary blade shaft speed and rotary tillage forward speed. Then, based on the EDEM simulation software, the soil disturbance law of a single rotary blade and the whole rotary cultivator was studied, and it was concluded that the soil particles moved backwards under the dynamic sliding action of the side cutting edge of the rotary blade. The displacement of soil particles in the shallow layer was the largest, the displacement in the deep layer was the smallest, and the displacement of soil particles in the deep layer near the rotation center of the rotary blade was the largest. The lateral displacement direction of soil was affected by the direction of the tangential edge of the rotary blade, and the bending angle of the tangential edge largely determined the lateral throwing effect of soil particles. The vertical position of soil particles showed a trend of becoming deeper and then shallower as the rotary blade was immersed in the soil. Finally, the single factor and orthogonal tests of rotary tillage were carried out on the spot with the rotational speed of the rotary tiller shaft, the rotational tillage speed and the slope angle as the test factors. The single factor test obtained the law of soil horizontal and lateral displacement changing with the above three factors. The variance analysis of the orthogonal test showed that the factors affecting the lateral displacement of the soil were the slope angle, the rotational speed of the rotary tiller shaft, the speed of the rotary tillage, and the factors affecting the horizontal displacement of the soil were the speed of the rotary tillage, the slope angle, and the rotational speed of the rotary tiller shaft. The regression equation between the soil lateral displacement, the horizontal displacement and the independent variables was obtained by fitting, and the optimal operating parameters combination of the rotary tiller was determined under the five setting slope angles through parameter optimization. The research result can provide good technical guidance for the high-efficiency and low-erosion operation of the existing rotary cultivator in the sloping tillage area of the Loess Plateau, and it can also provide research ideas for the innovative design of the subsequent rotary cultivator for sloping land.

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孫景彬,劉琪,雒鵬鑫,楊福增,劉志杰,王崢.山地拖拉機坡地等高線旋耕土壤侵蝕規(guī)律研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(5):44-56. SUN Jingbin, LIU Qi, LUO Pengxin, YANG Fuzeng, LIU Zhijie, WANG Zheng. Soil Erosion Law of Contour Rotary Tillage of Hillside Tractoron Sloping Land[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(5):44-56.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-05-10
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