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農(nóng)田排水改良鹽漬化土壤效果與環(huán)境污染研究
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內(nèi)蒙古科技重大專項(xiàng)(zdzx2018059),、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51879132),、內(nèi)蒙古水利科技重大專項(xiàng)(nsk2018-M5)和內(nèi)蒙古自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2020MS05052)


Effect of Farmland Drainage on Improving Saline Soil and Environmental Pollution
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    摘要:

    為探討河套灌區(qū)在農(nóng)田排水過(guò)程中對(duì)鹽漬化土壤的改良效果和環(huán)境污染的影響,于2019—2020年在河套灌區(qū)烏拉特灌域暗管排水綜合試驗(yàn)區(qū)選擇典型支渠灌溉控制區(qū),,針對(duì)作物各灌溉時(shí)期的水文過(guò)程,、污染物的轉(zhuǎn)化、遷移和匯集過(guò)程開(kāi)展了系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn),。結(jié)果表明:利用DRAINMOD模型能較好地模擬農(nóng)田排水量,,模擬值與實(shí)測(cè)值相對(duì)誤差(RE)為4.12%~13.44%、相關(guān)系數(shù)(R)為0.80~0.92,、效率系數(shù)(NS)為0.82~0.90,,均在誤差范圍內(nèi),。利用馬斯京根法對(duì)斗溝和支溝排水過(guò)程進(jìn)行了演算,,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)NH+4、NO-3,、還原性物質(zhì),、鹽分的遷移,、轉(zhuǎn)化和匯集過(guò)程進(jìn)行了分析,排水過(guò)程和NH+4,、NO-3,、還原性物質(zhì)、鹽分濃度模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)值較為一致,,表明該方法能夠在宏觀上描述灌區(qū)不同排水組成所形成的環(huán)境污染過(guò)程,。試驗(yàn)區(qū)主要污染物排放總量由大到小依次為還原性物質(zhì)、NO-3,、NH+4,,分別為349.47~363.10kg、80.56~87.79kg,、6.79~7.18kg,。經(jīng)過(guò)2年灌溉淋洗后,土壤脫鹽率在土體中自上而下降低,。暗管排水試驗(yàn)區(qū)0~20cm土壤脫鹽率為67.56%,,較20~40cm和40~100cm分別高5.12、16.84個(gè)百分點(diǎn),;明溝排水試驗(yàn)區(qū)0~20cm土壤脫鹽率為34.54%,,較20~40cm和40~100cm分別高12.90、15.58個(gè)百分點(diǎn),。淋洗之后土壤鹽分由表聚型向均勻型變化,,暗管排水和明溝排水在2020秋澆之后土壤電導(dǎo)率(EC)分別在2.20~2.63dS/m、0.61~0.65dS/m之間,。試驗(yàn)區(qū)中度鹽漬化土壤和鹽土類型面積均有所下降,,中度鹽漬化土壤面積下降2.94個(gè)百分點(diǎn),鹽土面積下降29.42個(gè)百分點(diǎn),,非鹽漬化土壤,、輕度和中度鹽漬化土壤分別增加2.94、8.83,、20.59個(gè)百分點(diǎn),。鹽土對(duì)試驗(yàn)區(qū)土壤脫鹽率貢獻(xiàn)最大,為126.78%,。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the improvement effect of salinized soil and the impact of environmental pollution on the process of farmland drainage in Hetao Irrigation District, a typical branch canal irrigation control area was selected in the Hetao Irrigation District Urad Irrigation Area subsurface drainage comprehensive experimental area from 2019 to 2020. Systematic experiments were carried out on the hydrological process, the transformation, migration and collection process of pollutants during each crop irrigation period. The results showed that the DRAINMOD model can better simulate farmland drainage. The relative error (RE) between the simulated value and the measured value was 4.12%~13.44%, the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.80~0.92, and the efficiency coefficient (NS) was 0.82~0.90, all within the error range. The drainage process of bucket ditch and branch ditch is calculated by using Muskingen method and on this basis, the migration, transformation and pooling processes of NH+4, NO-3, reducing substance and salinity were analyzed. The simulation results of the drainage process and the concentrations of NH+4, NO-3, reducing substance and salinity were in good agreement with the measured values, indicating that this method can macroscopically describe the environmental pollution process formed by different drainage components in the irrigation area. The total emissions of main pollutants in the test area was reducing substance, NO-3 and NH+4, in descending order, which were 349.47~363.10kg,80.56~87.79kg, and 6.79~7.18kg, respectively. After two years of irrigation and leaching, the soil desalination rate was decreased from top to bottom in the soil. The soil desalination rate of the 0~20cm soil in the dark pipe drainage test area was 67.56%, which was 5.12 and 16.84 percentage points higher than those of 20~40cm and 40~100cm, respectively; 40~100cm were 12.90 and 15.58 percentage points higher respectively.After leaching, the soil salinity was changed from the surface accumulation type to the uniform type, and the soil EC values of the concealed pipe drainage and the open ditch drainage were between 2.20~2.63dS/m and 0.61~0.65dS/m after the autumn irrigation of 2020. The areas of moderately salinized soil and saline soil types in the experimental area were decreased, the area of moderately salinized soil was decreased by 2.94 percentage points, and the area of saline soil was decreased by 29.42 percentage points. Non-saline soil, lightly and severely salinized soil increased by 2.94, 8.83 and 20.59 percentage points, respectively. Saline soil contributed the most to the soil desalination rate in the experimental area, which was 126.77%.

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竇旭,史海濱,李瑞平,苗慶豐,閆建文,田峰.農(nóng)田排水改良鹽漬化土壤效果與環(huán)境污染研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(4):372-385. DOU Xu, SHI Haibin, LI Ruiping, MIAO Qingfeng, YAN Jianwen, TIAN Feng. Effect of Farmland Drainage on Improving Saline Soil and Environmental Pollution[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(4):372-385.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-30
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