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生物炭改良棉花-甜菜間作土壤理化性質(zhì)與鹽分效果分析
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中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)田灌溉研究所/中國(guó)農(nóng)科院農(nóng)業(yè)水資源高效安全利用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放項(xiàng)目(FIRI2020010701,、FIRI2021010501)和第三師圖木舒克市科技計(jì)劃重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域科技攻關(guān)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(S202102GG018)


Effects of Biochar on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Salt in Cotton-Sugarbeet Intercropping Field
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    摘要:

    土壤鹽漬化問題已成為制約新疆地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要因素,,近年來生物炭在改良土壤方面發(fā)揮了極大優(yōu)勢(shì),。為研究不同生物炭施用量對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)以及鹽分分布的影響,,于2018—2020年在新疆地區(qū)開展生物炭改良鹽堿土試驗(yàn),種植作物為棉花-甜菜間作,,模式為當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)“一膜兩管四行”栽培模式,。2018年試驗(yàn)設(shè)置4個(gè)生物炭水平,,分別為0、10,、50、100t/hm2,。2019年增加設(shè)置25t/hm2,。綜合分析2018年和2019年的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,2020年生物炭施用量調(diào)整為0,、10,、25、30t/hm2,。生物炭混合深度為30cm,。在作物的不同生育期對(duì)各個(gè)處理不同剖面深度取土測(cè)定電導(dǎo)率、pH值和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量,,分析不同生物炭施用量對(duì)土壤pH值,、有機(jī)質(zhì)和鹽分的影響。結(jié)果表明,,添加生物炭顯著降低生育初期和生育末期0~30cm土層的pH值,,且降低幅度與生物炭施用量成正比。生物炭對(duì)30~40cm土層的pH值有降低作用,,但效果不顯著,。因生物炭自身有機(jī)質(zhì)豐富,生物炭施用10~100t/hm2可增加土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量31.8%~135.8%,。土壤含鹽量在垂直方向上,,表現(xiàn)出淺層大、深層小的一致性規(guī)律,;在水平方向上,,膜間土壤含鹽量大于滴頭附近的土壤含鹽量。與對(duì)照處理相比,,生物炭處理增加了0~10cm,、0~40cm和0~100cm 深度的加權(quán)平面含鹽量,3年分別增加13.9%~79.2%,、6.6%~133.6%和4.7%~103.5%,。施用生物炭后可促進(jìn)鹽分淋洗,當(dāng)施用量為10,、25t/hm2時(shí),,脫鹽率為14.7%~22.3%,較其他生物炭處理高,。綜合考慮鹽分淋洗和生物炭施用的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本,,生物炭適宜用量推薦為10t/hm2,。

    Abstract:

    Soil salinization has been a main factor to restrict the agricultural development in Xinjiang. In recent years, biochar has played an important role in improving soil quality. To study the effects of different biochar application amounts on soil properties and salt content, the cotton-sugarbeet intercropping field experiments were conducted under plastic filmmulched drip irrigation in the saline-alkali soils in Xinjiang, China from 2018 to 2020. The irrigation pattern of “one plastic film, two drip lines, and four rows of cotton plants” was referred to the local mode. The biochar application amounts were 0t/hm2, 10t/hm2, 50t/hm2 and 100t/hm2 in 2018. And biochar application amount of 25t/hm2 was added in 2019. Based on the results in 2018 and 2019, the biochar application amount were 0t/hm2,10t/hm2, 25t/hm2 and 30t/hm2 in 2020. The biochar was added to the top 30cm and then mixed with soils. Soil samples at different depths were collected during growth periods to measure the electronic conductivity, pH value and soil organic matter. The effects of different biochar application amounts on soil pH value, organic matter and salt content were analyzed. The results showed that the application of biochar significantly reduced soil pH value for the 0~30cm soil layer. The reduction was directly proportional to the biochar application amounts. Biochar reduced the pH value for 30~40cm soil layer, but the effect was insignificant. Due to rich organic matter contents in biochar, the soil organic matter was increased by 31.8%~135.8% for the biochar applied treatments. In the vertical direction, the soil salt content in shallow layer was larger than that in the deep layer. In the horizontal direction, the soil salt content in the no mulched zone was higher than that under the emitter. Application of biochar promoted the leaching of salt. When the biochar application amount were 10t/hm2 and 25t/hm2, the salt leaching rate was ranged in 14.7%~22.3%, which was higher than that of other treatments. Taking the salt leaching and economic cost in biochar into consideration, the appropriate biochar application amount was recommended to be 10t/hm2. The research result can provide some reference for application of biochar to improve salinealkali soil in Xinjiang.

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王小芳,李毅,姚寧,劉洪光,樊向陽(yáng),張選.生物炭改良棉花-甜菜間作土壤理化性質(zhì)與鹽分效果分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(4):352-362. WANG Xiaofang, LI Yi, YAO Ning, LIU Hongguang, FAN Xiangyang, ZHANG Xuan. Effects of Biochar on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Salt in Cotton-Sugarbeet Intercropping Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(4):352-362.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-06-30
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