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氣動下壓式高速移栽機自動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0700302)


Design and Test of Automatic Control System of Pneumatic Ejecting Type High-speed Transplanter
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    摘要:

    針對氣動下壓式高速移栽機有序供盤和高速取苗作業(yè)自動控制需求,本文基于Arduino微控制器設(shè)計移栽機自動控制系統(tǒng),。該系統(tǒng)包括苗盤位移監(jiān)測,、有序供盤、高速取苗等任務(wù)模塊,,以苗盤位置和苗盤位移為主要控制條件,,根據(jù)供盤速度-送盤速度,、高速取苗間隔-苗盤位移等參數(shù)匹配要求確定供盤速度和取苗間隔控制方法,建立有序供盤,、高速取苗兩個有限狀態(tài)機,,并基于動態(tài)時間片輪詢算法設(shè)計控制流程,實現(xiàn)有序供盤,、高速取苗作業(yè)過程自動控制,。以供盤位置準(zhǔn)確度和取苗位置準(zhǔn)確度為指標(biāo)開展控制系統(tǒng)運行準(zhǔn)確性試驗,結(jié)果表明,,高速取苗時(90~150株/min),,供盤位置最大相對誤差1.27%,取苗位置最大相對誤差12.85%,,第2~6時序取苗位置最大累積相對誤差分別為11.85%,、5.63%、4.25%,、1.94%和2.44%,,均在允許誤差范圍內(nèi),滿足作業(yè)要求,。以供盤成功率,、取投苗成功率為指標(biāo)開展移栽性能試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明,,高速作業(yè)時自動控制系統(tǒng)運行正常,、性能可靠,供盤送盤有效銜接,、送盤取苗精準(zhǔn)配合,,供盤成功率、取苗成功率為100%,,投苗成功率不小于94.44%,,實現(xiàn)了氣動下壓式高速移栽機有序供盤、高速取苗過程自動化作業(yè),。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the automatic control demands of the pneumatic ejecting type high-speed transplanter, an automatic control system for the transplanter was designed based on Arduino microcontroller. The system mainly included multi task modules of tray displacement detection, orderly tray supplying and high-speed seedling ejecting. Taking the position and displacement of the seedling tray as the main control conditions, the methods for controlling tray supplying speed and seedling ejecting interval were determined by analyzing the coordinated relationships of the tray supplying speed-tray feeding speed, and seedling ejecting interval-tray displacement. Two finite state machines were established respectively;the control flow was designed based on the dynamic time slice polling algorithm. The accuracy test of the control system was carried out to assess position accuracies, results of which showed that the maximum relative errors of tray supplying position and the seedling ejecting position were 1.27% and 12.85% respectively at high-speed (90~150 plants/min), the maximum cumulative relative errors of the 2nd to 6th seedling ejecting positions were 11.85%, 5.63%, 4.25%, 1.94% and 2.44%, respectively, which were all within the allowable error range and met the working requirements. The transplanting performance test was carried out with the indicators of the success rate of tray supplying, seedling ejecting and throwing. The test results showed that the automatic control system worked reliably at high-speed, the tray supplying and tray feeding motions were connected effectively, and the seedling ejecting sequences were synchronized with continuous tray feeding accurately, the success rate of tray supplying and the success rate of seedling ejecting were both 100%, and the success rate of seedling throwing was above 94.44%. The automatic working of the orderly tray supplying and seedling ejecting at high-speed of the pneumatic ejecting type high-speed transplanter was realized.

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王超,李永磊,宋建農(nóng),馬榮華,劉彩玲,李方林.氣動下壓式高速移栽機自動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(3):114-125. WANG Chao, LI Yonglei, SONG Jiannong, MA Ronghua, LIU Cailing, LI Fanglin. Design and Test of Automatic Control System of Pneumatic Ejecting Type High-speed Transplanter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(3):114-125.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-03-10
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