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循環(huán)曝氣地下滴灌下溫室番茄生長特性與產(chǎn)量研究
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFC0407703)、國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51909151,、52079052)和山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃重大科技創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目(2019JZZY010710)


Impacts of Cycle Aerated Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato
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    摘要:

    為探討循環(huán)曝氣地下滴灌不同肥氣耦合處理對作物生長,、光合特性及產(chǎn)量的影響規(guī)律,以番茄(京魯6335)為研究對象,,利用循環(huán)曝氣裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)水肥氣一體化灌溉,,設(shè)置4個曝氣量(高曝氣O1,中曝氣O2,,低曝氣O3,,不曝氣S,摻氣比例分別為16.25%,、14.58%,、11.79%和0),3個施肥量(高肥F1,,中肥F2,,低肥F3),采用雙因素隨機(jī)區(qū)組試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),,共12個處理,,研究不同肥氣耦合處理對溫室番茄生長特性、葉綠素含量,、光合作用,、干物質(zhì)積累及產(chǎn)量的影響,。結(jié)果表明:對溫室番茄進(jìn)行循環(huán)曝氣地下滴灌可顯著提高植株株高和莖粗、葉片葉綠素含量和氣孔導(dǎo)度,,增強(qiáng)光合作用,,提高干物質(zhì)積累量和產(chǎn)量。隨曝氣量的升高,,株高和莖粗總體上呈現(xiàn)增大趨勢,,曝氣灌溉較不曝氣灌溉處理株高最大增幅為22.57%,莖粗最大增幅為7.25%,。同一施肥水平下高曝氣灌溉處理較不曝氣灌溉處理番茄植株凈光合速率,、氣孔導(dǎo)度、蒸騰速率平均分別增大52.46%,、60.64%和36.88%,,葉綠素a含量、葉綠素b含量平均升高33.17%和48.71%,。中肥水平下高曝氣灌溉處理干物質(zhì)積累總量和果實(shí)干物質(zhì)積累量較不曝氣灌溉處理平均提高31.66%和36.95%,,單株產(chǎn)量和單果質(zhì)量較不曝氣灌溉處理平均提高12.80%和19.51%,同一曝氣水平下,,中肥處理番茄株高,、莖粗、凈光合速率,、葉綠素a含量和葉綠素b含量和植株干物質(zhì)量較高肥和低肥處理均有顯著增大,。循環(huán)曝氣地下滴灌肥氣耦合下番茄單株產(chǎn)量與植株株高、莖粗和凈光合速率均呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01),,高曝氣灌溉中肥處理番茄產(chǎn)量與植株株高,、莖粗和凈光合速率相關(guān)系數(shù)高于其他試驗(yàn)處理。因此,,考慮各處理對番茄植株生長特性,、光合特性、干物質(zhì)積累量和產(chǎn)量的綜合影響,,高曝氣灌溉中肥水平是本試驗(yàn)條件下溫室番茄較優(yōu)的灌溉施肥模式,。

    Abstract:

    To investigate the effects of different fertilizerair coupling treatments on crop growth characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics and yield under cycle aerated subsurface drip irrigation, tomato (Jinglu 6335) was taken as the research object, and the recycling aeration device was used to supply water, fertilizer and gas. Four aeration quantities (O1 was high aeration, O2 was medium aeration, O3 was low aeration, S was no aeration, aeration ratio was 16.25%, 14.58%, 11.79% and 0, respectively), three fertilizer quantities (F1 was high fertilizer, F2 was medium fertilizer, F3 was low fertilizer) were set, and a two-factor randomized block experimental design was adopted, with a total of 12 treatments. The effects of different fertilizer-air couplings on plant growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, plant dry matter accumulation and yield of greenhouse tomato were studied. The results showed that cycle aerated subsurface drip irrigation could significantly increase plant height, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance, enhance photosynthesis, and increase dry matter accumulation and yield of greenhouse tomato. The plant height and stem diameter were increased with the increase of aeration. The maximum increase of plant height and stem diameter was 22.57% and 7.25% respectively in aerated irrigation treatment compared with nonaerated irrigation treatment. At the same fertilization levels, compared with non-aerated irrigation, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of high aeration irrigation treatment were increased by 52.46%, 60.64% and 36.88% respectively, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were increased by 33.17% and 48.71%, respectively. The plant dry matter accumulation and fruit dry matter accumulation under high aeration irrigation at medium fertilizer level were increased by 31.66% and 36.95% on average, and the yield of single plant and the weight of single fruit were increased by 12.80% and 19.51% compared with that of nonaerated irrigation. At the same aeration level, plant height, stem diameter, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and plant dry matter accumulation of tomatoes under medium fertilizer treatments were significantly increased compared with those under high and low fertilizer treatments. The yield of tomato single plant was significantly positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter and net photosynthetic rate (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient between yield and plant height, stem diameter and net photosynthetic rate of tomato under medium fertilizer treatment in high aeration irrigation was higher than that of other treatments. Therefore, considering the effects of various treatments on the growth characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, plant dry matter accumulation and yield, the medium fertilization level in high aeration irrigation was the preferable irrigation and fertilization mode for greenhouse tomato.

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張倩,曾健,張振華,雷宏軍,張鵬,柳棟.循環(huán)曝氣地下滴灌下溫室番茄生長特性與產(chǎn)量研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(2):365-377. ZHANG Qian, ZENG Jian, ZHANG Zhenhua, LEI Hongjun, ZHANG Peng, LIU Dong. Impacts of Cycle Aerated Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(2):365-377.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-04-01
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