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土壤分流式寬苗帶小麥少耕播種機設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31901412)和中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費專項基金項目(2662018QD033)


Design and Experiment of Wide-boundary Seldom-tillage Wheat Planter with Soil-shunting Function
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    摘要:

    為實現(xiàn)長江中下游農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)寬苗帶小麥少耕播種需求,,本研究結(jié)合區(qū)域小麥種植農(nóng)藝特點,設(shè)計一種土壤分流式寬苗帶小麥少耕播種機,。通過對表土蓋種裝置結(jié)構(gòu)與拋土運動學(xué)分析,,設(shè)計耕拋刀輥結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),得到覆蓋種帶運動學(xué)條件,;通過對溝土勻攤裝置結(jié)構(gòu)及螺旋葉片作用下土壤受力與速度分析,,設(shè)計溝土勻攤裝置結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),明確影響播種深度與其穩(wěn)定性關(guān)鍵因素為終止螺旋極徑,、螺距,、螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)速。以播種深度合格率與播種深度穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)為評價指標(biāo),運用離散元仿真結(jié)合中心組合正交試驗,,建立播種深度合格率與播種深度穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)回歸方程,,確定較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為終止螺旋極徑119mm、螺距140mm,、螺旋葉片轉(zhuǎn)速98r/min,,此時,播種深度合格率為86.38%,、播種深度穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)為78.84%,。在稻茬離田與稻茬還田兩種模式下田間試驗表明,機具作業(yè)運行穩(wěn)定,,廂溝質(zhì)量滿足小麥后期生長排水需求,,鎮(zhèn)壓輥滑移率良好,試驗過程未出現(xiàn)稻茬,、秸稈纏繞堵塞現(xiàn)象,;兩種模式下播種深度合格率分別為83.12%、80.67%,;播種深度穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)分別為74.78%,、72.25%,滿足長江中下游農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)寬苗帶小麥少耕播種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和農(nóng)藝要求,。

    Abstract:

    To realize the demand of wide-boundary wheat sowing with seldom-tillage in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River agricultural zone, a wide-boundary seldom-tillage wheat planter with soil-shunting function was designed based on the regional wheat growing agronomic characteristics. By analyzing the structure of the seed covering device and kinematics of soil particle, the structural parameters of the blade roller were designed and the kinematic requirements of seed covering were obtained. The structure and dynamics of the uniform distribution device for furrow soil and force and velocity analysis of soil particles under the spiral blade were analyzed to design the uniform distribution device structural parameters. The key factors affecting the sowing depth and stability were clarified, including the termination spiral pole diameter, pitch and spiral blade speed. Using the sowing depth qualification rate and sowing depth stability coefficient as the evaluation index, the regression equation of sowing depth qualification rate and sowing depth stability coefficient was established by using discrete element simulation combined with central combination orthogonal experiment. The optimal combination of parameters was obtained as follows, the termination spiral pole diameter, pitch and spiral blade speed were 119mm, 140mm and 98r/min, respectively. Under the optimal combination of parameters, the seed depth qualification rate was 86.38% and the seed depth stability coefficient was 78.84%. The field experiment results in two modes with and without straw showed that the operation of the machine was stable, the quality of the furrow met the later growth and drainage needs of wheat, the sliding rate of the pressing roller was good, and the stubble and straw did not entangle or block the seeder during the experiment. Under the two modes, the sowing depth qualification rates were 83.12% and 80.67%, and the seed depth stability coefficients were 74.78% and 72.25%, respectively, which satisfied the agronomic requirements.

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鄭侃,劉國陽,國立偉,程健,夏俊芳,李宇飛.土壤分流式寬苗帶小麥少耕播種機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(2):128-138. ZHENG Kan, LIU Guoyang, GUO Liwei, CHENG Jian, XIA Junfang, LI Yufei. Design and Experiment of Wide-boundary Seldom-tillage Wheat Planter with Soil-shunting Function[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(2):128-138.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-12-09
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