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基于復(fù)合指標(biāo)與測(cè)試技術(shù)的旋耕秸稈還田質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)研究
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0300908)和江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科技自主創(chuàng)新基金項(xiàng)目(CX(17)1002)


Performance Evaluation of Rotary Tillage Straw Returning Based on Composite Indicators and Measurement Techniques
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    摘要:

    秸稈還田是土壤培肥與豐產(chǎn)增效的重要技術(shù)途徑,,對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。但目前針對(duì)秸稈還田作業(yè)質(zhì)量的測(cè)試評(píng)價(jià)研究仍十分有限,,尤其缺乏耕整作業(yè)后的秸稈在土壤各層空間分布效果的綜合定量評(píng)價(jià),。以生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)的旋耕秸稈還田質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)為例,,利用2D數(shù)字圖像法,、3D逆向工程技術(shù)和Matlab計(jì)算模塊等現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)構(gòu)建了一套秸稈還田作業(yè)質(zhì)量的綜合測(cè)試評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù),所研發(fā)的測(cè)試評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)針對(duì)秸稈在地表層和地下層的分布狀態(tài)構(gòu)建出融合單元格,、埋覆率,、深度方向、水平橫向,、水平縱向等多尺度水平的復(fù)合型評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),,基于該技術(shù)及指標(biāo)集評(píng)價(jià)分析了3cm(T3)、5cm(T5),、7.5cm(T7.5),、10cm(T10)、12.5cm(T12.5)和15cm(T15)6種不同長(zhǎng)度秸稈經(jīng)旋耕混埋后在土壤各層空間中的分布狀態(tài),,結(jié)果表明,,在地表層,各區(qū)間秸稈占比變異系數(shù)先減小后增大最后趨于平穩(wěn),,T5處理的變異系數(shù)最小,,為10.2%;隨著秸稈切碎長(zhǎng)度的增加,,秸稈埋覆率減小,,并呈對(duì)數(shù)關(guān)系,模型決定系數(shù)大于0.97,。在地下層,,沿深度方向分割,秸稈切碎長(zhǎng)度越短,,中下層(5~15cm)秸稈占比越多,,T3與T5處理秸稈占比分別為76.8%和71.7%,優(yōu)于其他處理,;沿水平方向分割,,不同處理的變異系數(shù)無(wú)明顯規(guī)律,但從整體而言,,T3和T5處理的水平橫向與水平縱向變異系數(shù)均不大于22.8%,,分布均勻性明顯優(yōu)于其他處理;按單元格分割,各單元格的變異系數(shù)與無(wú)秸稈單元格占比都隨秸稈切碎長(zhǎng)度增加而逐漸增大,,T3和T5處理的變異系數(shù)分別為73.6%與73.1%,,無(wú)秸稈單元格占比均為15.7%,秸稈分布較均勻,。綜合分析表明,,〖JP2〗秸稈切碎長(zhǎng)度對(duì)旋耕還田質(zhì)量有顯著影響,T3和T5處理的秸稈混埋效果較好,,考慮能耗因素,,半喂入收獲機(jī)選擇秸稈切碎長(zhǎng)度5cm為宜。

    Abstract:

    Straw returning is an important technical way to improve soil fertility and crop yield, bearing important practical significance for the sustainable development of agriculture. However, the comprehensive testing and evaluation methods for straw returning quality are still very limited, especially the quantitative description of the spatial distribution of tillage buried straws in soil profile. Taking the performance evaluation on straw returning of rotary tillage as an example, 2D digital image method, 3D reverse engineering technology and Matlab calculation program were used to construct the straw returning quality evaluation and test technology, including composite indicators of the cell, burying rate, depth direction, and horizontal direction. Based on the measure techniques and composite indicators, the spatial distribution of tillage buried straws with six different lengths, i.e. 3cm (T3), 5cm (T5), 7.5cm(T7.5), 10cm (T10), 12.5cm (T12.5) and 15cm (T15) was evaluated and analyzed. In the surface layer, the coefficient of variation of straw proportion in each interval was firstly decreased, and then increased, and finally stabilized, and the coefficient of variation of T5 treatment was 10.2%,,which was the smallest. With the increase of straw cutting length, the straw coverage rate was decreased with a logarithmic relationship, and the coefficient of determination of the model was greater than 0.97. In the underground layer, the shorter the length of straw chopped along the depth direction was, the more the proportion of straw in the middle and lower layers (5~15cm) was, and that for T3 and T5 treatments was 76.8% and 71.7%, respectively, which were better than other treatments. Along the horizontal direction, the coefficient of variation of different treatments had no absolute rule, but on the whole, T3 and T5 treatments' horizontal and longitudinal coefficient of variation were not more than 22.8%, and the distribution was uniform. The coefficient of variation of each cell and the proportion of non straw cells were increased gradually with the increase of straw chopping length. The coefficient of variation of T3 and T5 treatments were 73.6% and 73.1%, respectively, and the proportion of non straw cells was 15.7%. Comprehensive analysis showed that straw chopping length had a significant impact on the quality of rotary tillage. T3 and T5 treatments had a better effect on straw mixed burying. Considering the energy consumption, the straw chopping length of 5cm was the best choice for semi feeding harvester.

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徐高明,汪小旵,何瑞銀,丁啟朔.基于復(fù)合指標(biāo)與測(cè)試技術(shù)的旋耕秸稈還田質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(2):58-67. XU Gaoming, WANG Xiaochan, HE Ruiyin, DING Qishuo. Performance Evaluation of Rotary Tillage Straw Returning Based on Composite Indicators and Measurement Techniques[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(2):58-67.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-03-24
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