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凸輪搖桿雙向擠壓核桃破殼裝置設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(52075003、51475002,、51665058,、51865046)


Design and Experiment of Cam Rocker Bidirectional Extrusion Walnut Shell Breaking Device
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    摘要:

    針對當前核桃破殼裝置自定位結構復雜,破殼行程無法控制,,脫殼率低,,核仁損傷率高的技術問題,通過對核桃失穩(wěn)破殼,、裂紋擴展臨界條件及破殼位移分析,,基于定間隙單果擠壓破殼原理,設計了一種凸輪搖桿雙向擠壓核桃破殼裝置,。進行了雙螺桿定量喂料,、凸輪搖桿雙向擠壓破殼機構、擠壓/落料U形塊結構,、凸輪機構運動角及位移,、搖桿位移方程以及凸輪輪廓曲線等設計。以擠壓間隙,、凸輪軸轉(zhuǎn)速,、核桃周徑作為試驗因素,以一露仁率,、二露仁率,、碎仁率,、脫殼率作為試驗指標,進行L9(34)正交試驗,。結果表明,,各因素對指標影響的主次順序為核桃周徑、擠壓間隙,、凸輪軸轉(zhuǎn)速,;最優(yōu)水平組合為核桃周徑范圍34~37mm、擠壓間隙7mm,、凸輪軸轉(zhuǎn)速53r/min,。以最優(yōu)組合進行驗證試驗,,結果表明一露仁率為61.39%,,二露仁率為23.30%,碎仁率為15.31%,,脫殼率為92.36%,,與傳統(tǒng)型核桃剝殼取仁裝置相比,高露仁率提高14.69個百分點,,滿足核桃產(chǎn)業(yè)初加工的需求,。

    Abstract:

    Breaking of walnut shell with less damage remains to be a challenge because walnut kernel is crisp. The existing equipments which were used to break shell and take kernel cannot meet the high quality and mass requirements of walnut kernel. Aiming to resolve the above gaps, the cam rocker bidirectional extrusion self-positioning walnut shell breaking device were designed. By analyzing the critical condition of crack fracture, the mechanism of crack propagation and the displacement of breaking walnut shell, the double-screw quantitative feeding mechanism and cam rocker bidirectional extrusion breaking mechanism were designed. The size of the extrusion/blanking U-shaped block structure, the motion angle and displacement of the cam mechanism were determined, the rocker displacement equation was determined and the cam profile curve was designed. L9(34) orthogonal test was carried out with extrusion clearance, camshaft rotation speed and walnut circumference size as test factors, and one kernel rate, two kernel rate, nibs rate and hulling rate as test indexes. The results showed that the primary and secondary order of the various affecting factors were the walnut circumference size, extrusion clearance and camshaft rotation speed, and the optimized combination was as follows: the walnut circumference size was 34~37mm, extrusion clearance was 7mm, camshaft rotation speed was 53r/min. Taking the optimal combination for verification experiment, the results showed that one kernel rate was 61.39%, two kernel rate was 23.30%, nibs rate was 15.31% and hulling rate was 92.36%. Compared with the traditional walnut sheller and kernel extractor, the high kernel rate was increased by 14.69 percentage points, which met the walnut industry primary processing needs.

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石明村,劉明政,李長河,曹成茂,李心平.凸輪搖桿雙向擠壓核桃破殼裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(1):140-150. SHI Mingcun, LIU Mingzheng, LI Changhe, CAO Chengmao, LI Xinping. Design and Experiment of Cam Rocker Bidirectional Extrusion Walnut Shell Breaking Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(1):140-150.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-10
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