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基于機(jī)器視覺的玉米定位施肥控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0200605)


Design and Experiment of Maize Fertilization Control System Based on Machine Vision
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    摘要:

    為了實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)田環(huán)境下的苗期玉米定位定量施肥作業(yè),,提高肥料利用率,,本文設(shè)計了基于機(jī)器視覺的苗期玉米定位施肥控制系統(tǒng),,控制自驅(qū)動履帶式田間玉米定位施肥機(jī),,使用切片式排肥器結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)間歇式施肥,。采集苗期玉米冠層圖像后,,利用顏色特征區(qū)分連續(xù)拍攝過程中的大量背景圖像和識別錯誤的株心,,改進(jìn)了株心識別定位方法,;建立施肥滯后誤差補(bǔ)償模型,實(shí)時計算施肥相對距離,,準(zhǔn)確計算排肥器的落肥時刻,,實(shí)現(xiàn)了按株間歇式自動定位施肥。經(jīng)過試驗(yàn)與驗(yàn)證分析,,改進(jìn)的株心定位識別方法明顯縮減了圖像處理時間,,提高了算法魯棒性;3個擋位施肥量(7.25,、14.5,、21.75g)的施肥穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)分別為1.93%、1.87%,、1.93%,,施肥量控制精度大于95%,施肥位置準(zhǔn)確性平均誤差為3.2cm,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)定位施肥,。本文設(shè)計的施肥控制系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)苗期玉米按株定位定量施肥,,達(dá)到了減施提質(zhì)、科學(xué)施肥的目的,。

    Abstract:

    In order to realize the positioning and quantitative fertilization of maize in seedling stage under farmland environment, a control system was designed, which was based on machine vision to position and fertilize maize in seedling stage and improve fertilizer utilization rate. The control system controlled the maize positioning fertilizer applicator to travel in the field through the self-driving crawler. The fertilizer applicator realized intermittent fertilization according to plant location by using the structure of slice fertilizer discharger. After collecting the images of maize canopy at seedling stage, the area of maize plants at seedling stage was small, and there were many collected images without maize. In order to solve the influence of the above problems on operation efficiency and accuracy, the system used color features to distinguish a large number of background images and misrecognized plant centers during continuous shooting. By adding image preprocessing and algorithm post-processing, the method of plant center recognition and location was improved; in order to solve the problem of fertilizer lag caused by fertilizer falling time, system response time and positioning error, the compensation model of fertilization lag error was established, the relative distance of fertilization was calculated in real time, and the time of fertilizer falling was calculated accurately, which improved the control precision of intermittent automatic positioning fertilization according to plant. After experiment and verification analysis, the improved plant center location recognition method obviously reduced the image processing time and improved the robustness of the algorithm; according to the amount of single fertilization, the fertilizer applicator was set three gears (7.25g, 14.5g and 21.75g), and the coefficient of variation of fertilization stability, which represented the stability of fertilizer application per plant, was 1.93%, 1.87% and 1.93%, respectively. The control precision of the actual fertilization amount and the target fertilization amount of the fertilizer discharger was more than 95%. The average error of the distance between the actual fertilizer drop point and the target drop point can reach 3.2cm, which met the basic operation requirements of location fertilization. The fertilization control system designed can realize the quantitative fertilization according to the location of maize plants at seedling stage, and achieve the purpose of reducing application, improving quality and scientific fertilization.

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宗澤,劉剛.基于機(jī)器視覺的玉米定位施肥控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2021,52(S0):66-73. ZONG Ze, LIU Gang. Design and Experiment of Maize Fertilization Control System Based on Machine Vision[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(S0):66-73.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-12-10
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