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河套灌區(qū)控制排水對氮素流失與利用的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51879132,、51769024)、內(nèi)蒙古科技重大專項(zdzx2018059)和內(nèi)蒙古水利科技重大專項(nsk2018-M5)


Effect of Controlled Drainage on Loss and Utilization of Nitrogen in Hetao Irrigation District
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    摘要:

    為探求控制排水對油葵農(nóng)田土壤氮素流失,、氮肥利用效率以及產(chǎn)量的影響,,設(shè)置生育期控制排水深度分別為40cm(K1)、70cm(K2),、100cm(K3)3個處理,,選擇明溝排水作為對照處理(CK),開展了田間試驗,。結(jié)果表明:K1處理土壤NH+4N含量(質(zhì)量比)最高,,平均值為20.17mg/kg,顯著高于其他各處理(P<0.05),,較K2,、K3、CK處理高31.36%,、46.16%,、15.22%,。不同處理間土壤NO-3N含量差異性大于NH+4N。生育期灌溉后0~40cm土壤NO-3N含量由大到小依次為K1,、CK,、K2、K3,。不同處理NO-3N流失量均大于NH+4N,,K1、K2,、K3,、CK處理NO-3N流失量較NH+4N分別高60%、52.63%,、30.77%,、58.82%。暗管排水處理,,出口埋深越小,,排水量越小,氮素流失量越小,,控制排水穩(wěn)定了地下水埋深變化,。控制排水處理(K1,、K2)提高氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力3.04%~11.15%,,提高了養(yǎng)分吸收量。K1處理氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力最大,,分別較K2,、K3、CK處理增加4.54%,、7.72%,、11.15%(P<0.05)。K1處理能顯著提高玉米產(chǎn)量(P<0.05),,較K2,、K3、CK處理分別增加4.52%,、7.69%,、11.14%。油葵收獲后,,各處理0~100cm土壤NH+4N含量為0.98~8.13mg/kg,,隨著土層深度的增加土壤NH+4N含量減少,0~40cm土層CK處理土壤NH+4N含量最大,,較K1,、K2,、K3處理分別大11.65%、14.55%,、18.19%(P<0.05),。相同處理相同土層NO-3N含量明顯高于NH+4N含量;生育期灌溉后,,0~10cm土壤中NO-3N均隨水向深層土壤運移,,而K1處理將大多NO-3N聚集在20~40cm土層中。在生長中后期,,20~40cm土層為油葵根系旺盛層,,K1處理對土壤中氮素利用相對較高。綜合油葵產(chǎn)量,、土壤氮素變化規(guī)律,、氮肥利用效率及氮素流失情況,適宜的排水方式為生育期控制排水深度40cm(K1),。

    Abstract:

    To explore the effect of controlling drainage on soil nitrogen loss, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and yield in oil sunflower farmland, the growth period control drainage depth was set to be 40cm (K1), 70cm (K2), and 100cm (K3), open ditch drainage was chosen as the control treatment (CK), and field trials were carried out. The results showed that the soil NH+4N content of K1 treatment was the highest, with an average value of 20.17mg/kg, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05), and was 31.36%, 46.16%, 15.22% higher than that of K2, K3 and CK treatments. The NO-3N content of 0~40cm soil after irrigation during the growth period showed the trend from large to small as K1, CK, K2 and K3. The loss of NO-3N in different treatments was greater than that of NH+4N. The loss of NO-3N in K1, K2, K3 and CK treatments was 60%, 52.63%, 30.77% and 58.82% higher than NH+4N, respectively. For the subsurface drainage treatment, the smaller the outlet depth was, the smaller the drainage and the nitrogen loss were, and the control of drainage stabilized the change of groundwater depth. The controlled drainage treatment (K1, K2) increased the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 3.04% ~ 11.15%, and increased nutrient absorption. The partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in K1 treatment was the largest, which was increased by 4.54%, 7.72% and 11.15% compared with K2, K3 and CK treatments respectively(P<0.05). K1 treatment can significantly increase corn yield(P<0.05), which was 4.52%, 7.69% and 11.14% higher than that of K2, K3 and CK treatments, respectively. After the oil sunflower was harvested, the NH+4N content of 0~100 cm soil in each treatment was 0.98~8.13mg/kg, and the soil NH+4N content was decreased with the increase of soil depth, the soil NH+4N content in 0~40cm soil layer of CK treatment was the largest, which was 11.65%, 14.55% and 18.19% larger than that of K1, K2 and K3, respectively(P<0.05). The NO-3N content in the same soil layer under the same treatment was significantly higher than the NH+4N content. After irrigation during the growth period, the NO-3N in the 0~10 cm soil would flow to the deep soil with water, while most of the NO-3N in the K1 treatment would be accumulated in the 20~40cm soil layer. In the middle and late stages of growth, the 20~40cm soil layer was the vigorous oil sunflower root layer, and the K1 treatment had relatively high nitrogen utilization in the soil. Considering oil sunflower yield, soil nitrogen change law, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and nitrogen loss, the suitable drainage method was to control the drainage depth of 40cm during the growth period (K1).

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竇旭,史海濱,李瑞平,苗慶豐,田峰,于丹丹.河套灌區(qū)控制排水對氮素流失與利用的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2021,52(11):315-322,420. DOU Xu, SHI Haibin, LI Ruiping, MIAO Qingfeng, TIAN Feng, YU Dandan. Effect of Controlled Drainage on Loss and Utilization of Nitrogen in Hetao Irrigation District[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(11):315-322,,420.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-11-10
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