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水分管理對旱直播稻溫室氣體排放與土壤無機(jī)氮的影響
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFC040010101)


Effects of Water Management on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Soil Inorganic Nitrogen of Dry Direct Seeding Rice
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    摘要:

    為探究寒地黑土區(qū)不同水分管理方案對旱直播水稻溫室氣體排放和土壤無機(jī)氮的影響,設(shè)置4個處理:淹灌旱直播(YH),、濕灌旱直播(SH),、旱管旱直播(HH)和常規(guī)插秧淹灌(CK),并以CK處理作為對照,,采用微區(qū)測坑進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),,研究了旱直播水稻對溫室氣體甲烷(CH4)和氧化亞氮(N2O)排放量、全球增溫潛勢(GWP),、以產(chǎn)量為基準(zhǔn)的全球變暖潛勢(GWPy),、0~60cm土壤剖面銨態(tài)氮(NH+4N)和硝態(tài)氮(NO-3N)含量的影響,分析了0~20cm土層土壤溫度,、CH4和N2O排放量和0~20cm土層NH+4N和NO-3N含量的相關(guān)關(guān)系,。結(jié)果表明:各處理CH4和N2O排放量均呈先增后減的變化趨勢,CH4排放峰值出現(xiàn)在拔節(jié)孕穗期,,N2O排放峰值出現(xiàn)在抽穗開花期,。各處理CH4累積排放量、GWP和GWPy由大到小均表現(xiàn)為CK、YH,、SH,、HH,N2O累積排放量由大到小表現(xiàn)為HH,、SH,、YH、CK,。CK,、YH、SH處理土壤NH+4N和NO-3N含量在時間和剖面上的變化規(guī)律基本一致,,從時間上看,,NH+4N含量峰值出現(xiàn)在分蘗中期和抽穗開花期,而NO-3N含量峰值出現(xiàn)在分蘗前期,;從土壤剖面上看,,CK、YH,、SH處理NH+4N和NO-3N含量分別以20~40cm和40~60cm土層最高,,而HH處理NH+4N和NO-3N含量分別以40~60cm和0~20cm土層最高。各處理稻田5,、10,、15、20cm土層土壤溫度(T5,、T10,、T15、T20)均呈先升后降的變化趨勢,。CK,、YH、SH,、HH處理T5,、T10、T15,、T20與CH4排放量,、NH+4N含量呈正相關(guān),;YH處理T15,、T20與N2O排放量呈正相關(guān),與NO-3N含量呈負(fù)相關(guān),;SH,、HH處理T5、T10、T15與N2O排放量呈負(fù)相關(guān),,與NO-3N含量呈正相關(guān),。YH、SH,、HH處理NH+4N和NO-3N含量呈此消彼長的密切關(guān)系,。本研究可為東北黑土區(qū)旱直播稻田減緩溫室效應(yīng)和土壤氮素高效利用提供理論依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effects of different water management schemes on greenhouse gas emission and soil inorganic nitrogen of dry direct seeding rice in the cold black soil region, micro-area test pits were used in the experiment. The effects of dry direct seeding rice on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission fluxes, global warming potential (GWP), global warming potential based on yield (GWPy), the contents of ammonium nitrogen (NH+4N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO-3N) in 0~60cm soil profile were studied. The relationships among soil temperature in 0~20cm soil layer, CH4 and N2O emission fluxes and content of NH+4N and NO-3N in 0~20cm soil layer were analyzed. Four treatments were set: flooded irrigation dry direct seeding rice (YH), wet irrigation dry direct seeding rice (SH), arid irrigation dry direct seeding rice (HH) and transplanting flooded rice (CK), and CK as the control. Results showed that the CH4 and N2O emission fluxes in four treatments showed the trend from increasing to decreasing, the CH4 emission peak appeared in the jointing and booting stage, and N2O emission peak appeared in the heading and flowering stage. The cumulative emission of CH4, GWP and GWPy in four treatments from big to small were as follows: CK, YH, SH and HH, the cumulative emission of N2O in four treatments from big to small were as follows: HH, SH, YH and CK. The changes of NH+4N and NO-3N contents in CK, YH and SH were basically consistent in time and profile. In terms of time, the peak of NH+4N content appeared in the middle tillering and the heading and flowering stages, while the peak of NO-3N content appeared in the early tillering stage. In terms of soil profile, the NH+4N and NO-3N content of CK, YH and SH were the highest in 20~40cm and 40~60cm soil layers, respectively. The contents of NH+4N and NO-3N of HH were the highest in 40~60cm and 0~20cm soil layers, respectively. The NH+4N was the most important nitrogen source for CK and YH, and NO-3N was the most important nitrogen source for SH and HH. The soil temperature of 5cm, 10cm, 15cm and 20cm soil layers (T5, T10, T15 and T20) of four treatments showed the tendency that firstly increased and then decreased. The T5, T10, T15 and T20 of CK, YH, SH and HH were positively correlated with CH4 emission flux and NH+4N content. In YH, the T15 and T20 were positively correlated with N2O emission flux and negatively correlated with NO-3N content. In SH and HH, the T5, T10 and T15 were negatively correlated with N2O emission flux and positively correlated with NO-3N content. In YH, SH and HH, the content of NH+4N was negatively correlated with the content of NO-3N. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the mitigation of greenhouse effect and efficient use of soil nitrogen in dry direct seeding paddy field in the black soil region of northeast China.

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魏永霞,冀俊超,劉慧,郭彥君,鄭衍波,石蘊(yùn).水分管理對旱直播稻溫室氣體排放與土壤無機(jī)氮的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2021,52(11):305-314. WEI Yongxia, JI Junchao, LIU Hui, GUO Yanjun, ZHENG Yanbo, SHI Yun. Effects of Water Management on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Soil Inorganic Nitrogen of Dry Direct Seeding Rice[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(11):305-314.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-11-10
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