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水稻秸稈反旋深埋滑切還田刀優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32071910)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFD0300105-4,、2016YFD0300909-04)


Optimal Design and Experiment of Deep-buried Reverse Rotating Sliding Cutting Straw Returning Blade
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    摘要:

    針對水稻秸稈深埋還田時,,還田刀作業(yè)功耗過高和纏草的問題,結(jié)合還田機(jī)作業(yè)過程,,分析還田刀功耗過高和纏草的原因,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種反旋深埋滑切還田刀。使用阿基米德螺旋線設(shè)計(jì)還田刀側(cè)切刃,,提高還田刀的滑切性能,,計(jì)算并驗(yàn)證側(cè)切刃曲線的動態(tài)滑切角滿足土壤-秸稈滑出還田刀的條件,使用圓弧曲線設(shè)計(jì)還田刀正切面,,以耕寬和正切面安裝角為依據(jù)確定圓弧半徑為60mm,。運(yùn)用離散元仿真軟件EDEM進(jìn)行了反旋深埋滑切還田刀與傳統(tǒng)還田刀的仿真對照試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明反旋深埋滑切還田刀的秸稈還田率,、拋土性能與傳統(tǒng)還田刀基本一致,,作業(yè)功耗降低18.19%,選取留茬高度,、刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速和機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度為影響因素,,選取作業(yè)功耗為評價指標(biāo)進(jìn)行正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),確定影響還田機(jī)作業(yè)功耗的因素從大到小依次為:刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速,、機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度,、留茬高度。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:在土壤含水率為20%~30%,,地表秸稈覆蓋量為336~353g/m2,,拖拉機(jī)作業(yè)速度為低速一擋(1.5km/h),,刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速為250r/min時,秸稈深埋滑切還田刀作業(yè)后,,平均耕深為18cm左右,,秸稈還田率為87.9%~89.7%,地表平整度為2.1~3.7cm,,作業(yè)指標(biāo)均滿足秸稈還田的農(nóng)藝要求,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of high power consumption and straw entanglement of rice straw returning to the field, combined with the operation process of the straw returning machine, the reasons of high power consumption and straw entanglement of the straw returning blade before optimization were analyzed, and a kind of reverse rotating deep-buried sliding cutting returning blade was designed. The Archimedes spiral was used to design the side cutting edge of the straw returning blade to improve the sliding cutting performance of the straw returning blade and the dynamic sliding cutting angle of the side cutting edge curve was calculated and verified to meet the condition that the soil and straw slipped out of the straw returning blade. The arc curve was used to design the tangent section of the straw returning blade and the radius of circular arc was determined to be 60mm on the basis of ploughing width and installation angle of tangent section. The EDEM simulation software was used to simulate and compare the straw returning blade with the straw returning blade before optimization. The results showed that the straw returning rate and throwing performance of the reverse rotating sliding cutting returning cutter were basically the same as those of the optimized previous straw returning blade, and the working power consumption was reduced by 18.19%. The stubble height, cutter roll speed and machine forward speed were selected as three factors, and the working power consumption was selected as the evaluation index to carry out the orthogonal test design. Finally, the factors affecting the working power consumption of the straw returning blade from big to small were determined as follows: cutter roll speed, machine forward speed and stubble height. The field test results showed that when the field soil moisture content was 20%~30%, the surface straw coverage rate was 336~353g/m2, the tractor operating speed was 1.5km/h, and the blade roller rotating speed was 250r/min, the operation effect of straw deep-buried sliding cutting returning blade was that the average tillage depth was about 18cm, the returning rate was 87.9%~89.7%, and the surface flatness was 2.1~3.7cm. All the operation indexes met the agronomic requirements of straw returning, and the rationality of simulation test was verified.

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王金峰,張鑫,唐漢,王金武,翁武雄,楊東澤.水稻秸稈反旋深埋滑切還田刀優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(11):28-39. WANG Jinfeng, ZHANG Xin, TANG Han, WANG Jinwu, WENG Wuxiong, YANG Dongze. Optimal Design and Experiment of Deep-buried Reverse Rotating Sliding Cutting Straw Returning Blade[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(11):28-39.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-11-10
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