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水稻秸稈激蕩滑切與撕裂兩級切割粉碎裝置設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0300909-03)和中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務費專項資金項目(2021TC011)


Design and Experiment of Rice Straw Chopping Device for Agitation Sliding Cutting and Tearing
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    摘要:

    針對東北稻區(qū)秸稈還田作業(yè)中存在的粉碎效果差、秸稈腐解速率慢的問題,,提出了適合該區(qū)域秸稈翻埋還田秸稈粉碎狀態(tài),,為5~10cm撕裂狀態(tài)。結合預達到粉碎后秸稈形態(tài)及現(xiàn)有機具使用情況,,設計了具有激蕩滑切和撕裂兩個階段并與聯(lián)合收獲機裝配的秸稈粉碎裝置,,通過理論分析對粉碎過程關鍵參數(shù)進行了設計。單因素試驗表明:秸稈含水率從69.77%減少到29.34%時,,秸稈因受干物質含量和彎曲強度改變影響,,秸稈粉碎長度合格率和破碎率分別下降6.44、9.55個百分點,,拋撒幅寬有先增加后減少趨勢,;秸稈粉碎長度合格率和破碎率隨收獲速度增加有較大幅度降低,拋撒幅寬減少0.22m,;粉碎刀軸轉速從2100r/min提高至2850r/min時,,秸稈粉碎長度合格率和破碎率都有顯著提高,拋撒幅寬也有較大幅度增加,;兩級定刀直線間隔變大,,秸稈粉碎長度合格率和破碎率有小幅度增加,拋撒幅寬減小0.11m,。正交試驗表明:秸稈粉碎長度合格率和破碎率受收獲速度和粉碎刀軸轉速影響規(guī)律基本一致,,收獲速度和粉碎刀軸轉速對秸稈粉碎長度合格率和破碎率影響更顯著(P<0.05);粉碎刀軸轉速和兩級定刀直線間隔對拋撒幅寬影響較顯著(P<0.05),。設計的裝置對東北稻區(qū)秸稈還田關鍵技術問題具有重要意義和應用價值,。

    Abstract:

    In the rice planting area of Northeast China, the large amount of rice straw with low moisture content is tough to chop during harvest, and straw decomposed slowly under low accumulated temperature. However, the existing machines and tools still cannot better achieve straw return to the field. The suitable chopping state of straw returned to the field was proposed, which was 5~10cm tearing state. Combined with the shape of the chopped straw and the use of the existing machines and tools, a straw chopping device with two stages of agitation, sliding cutting and tearing was designed and assembled with the combine harvester. The key parameters of crushing process were designed by theoretical analysis. The single factor test showed that when the moisture content of straw was decreased from 69.77% to 29.34%, the chopping qualified rate and broken rate of straw were decreased by 6.44 pencentage points and 955 pencentage points respectively due to the change of dry matter content and bending strength, and the spread width was increased first and then decreased. With the increase of harvest speed, the chopping qualified rate and broken rate of straw was decreased significantly, and the width of straw was reduced by 0.22m. With the increase of shaft speed from 2100 r/min to 2850 r/min,the chopping qualified rate and broken rate of straw were significantly increased, and the width of straw was also greatly increased. The interval of the two-stage fixed knife was enlarged, the chopping qualified rate and broken rate of straw were increased slightly, and the change range of the scattering width was less than 0.11m. Orthogonal test showed that the effect law on chopping qualified rate and broken rate of straw caused by harvesting speed and the rotational speed was almost consistent. The chopping qualified rate and broken rate of straw caused by harvest speed and cutter shaft speed were more significant(P<0.05). The spread width caused by cutter shaft speed and the interval of the two-stage fixed were more significant(P<0.05). The design of the device was of great significance and application value to the key technical problems of straw returning in the rice planting area of Northeast China.

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王將,王曉燕,李洪文,何進,盧彩云,劉迪.水稻秸稈激蕩滑切與撕裂兩級切割粉碎裝置設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(10):28-40. WANG Jiang, WANG Xiaoyan, LI Hongwen, HE Jin, LU Caiyun, LIU Di. Design and Experiment of Rice Straw Chopping Device for Agitation Sliding Cutting and Tearing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(10):28-40.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-08-30
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