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河套灌區(qū)畦灌灌水方案優(yōu)化與敏感性分析
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400205)、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51769021,、51539005,、51839006)和內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(201602049)


Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Border Irrigation Performance in Hetao Irrigation District
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)河套灌區(qū)寬畦田、大畦塊導(dǎo)致的灌水效率低的問(wèn)題,,為探求變化環(huán)境下適宜的畦灌技術(shù)參數(shù),,在河套灌區(qū)沈?yàn)豕嘤虻湫驮囼?yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,采用不同灌溉設(shè)計(jì)方案對(duì)典型砂土較大田塊(長(zhǎng)×寬為80m×25m)灌水質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),,并在WinSRFR模型模擬基礎(chǔ)上分析不同參數(shù)對(duì)最佳方案灌水質(zhì)量指標(biāo)的敏感性變化情況,。結(jié)果表明:砂土畦田規(guī)格(80m×25m)較大時(shí)農(nóng)田灌水效果較差,在中等流量(入畦流量Q=20L/s,、單寬流量q=0.80L/(m·s))水平下,,減少尾部25%的田間面積(改水成數(shù)從1.0降低至0.75)可節(jié)省40%的灌水時(shí)間,并可減少16%的灌溉水在水流推進(jìn)過(guò)程中的滲漏損失,。采用田塊規(guī)格+灌水時(shí)間設(shè)計(jì)方案后灌水效果較典型田塊得到顯著改善,,垂直分割田塊(80m×12.5m)在較大流量水平(Q為26~30L/s、q為2.08~2.40L/(m·s))下灌水效率從67%~80%提升至97%~99%,灌水均勻度從0.59~0.79提高至0.84~0.95,,儲(chǔ)水效率從1.17降低至0.76,,并且可以節(jié)省當(dāng)前灌水時(shí)間的20%以上,中等流量(Q=20L/s,、q=1.60L/(m·s))下在獲得更優(yōu)灌水質(zhì)量的同時(shí)可以節(jié)省40%的灌水時(shí)間,,節(jié)水效果顯著。不同參數(shù)對(duì)灌水質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)具有相同的變化規(guī)律,,計(jì)劃需水水深對(duì)灌水質(zhì)量影響明顯,,極小單寬流量情況下灌水質(zhì)量受田面坡度、畦田長(zhǎng)度影響較小,。建議灌區(qū)采用的砂土畦田規(guī)格為80m×12.5m,,并且可根據(jù)實(shí)際不同來(lái)水流量選擇所需的最佳單寬流量和灌水時(shí)間組合。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem of low irrigation efficiency caused by wide border fields and large blocks in the Hetao Irrigation District, in order to explore suitable technical parameters of border irrigation under changing conditions, based on the typical experiments of Shenwu Irrigation Area in Hetao Irrigation District, different irrigation design schemes were used to compare typical sandy soils. The irrigation quality of the field block (length×width was 80m×25m) was evaluated, and the sensitivity changes of different variable parameters to the optimal irrigation performance indicators were analyzed on the basis of the WinSRFR model simulation. The results showed that when the size of the sand border field (80m×25m) was large, the irrigation effect was poor, and at the medium flow rate (into the border flow Q=20L/s,single width flow q=0.80L/(m·s)), reducing the field area of the tail by 25% (ie: changing the water percentage from 1.0 to 0.75) can save 40% of the irrigation time, and reduce 16% of the irrigation water leakage loss during the flow of water. After adopting the improved field size, irrigation time and irrigation design scheme, the irrigation effect was significantly improved compared with the typical field. The vertically divided field (80m×12.5m) was at a larger flow level (Q was 26~30L/s, q was 2.08~2.40L/(m·s)), irrigation efficiency was increased from 67%~80% to 97%~99%, irrigation uniformity was increased from 0.59~0.79 to 0.84~0.95, water storage efficiency was decreased from 1.17 to 0.76, and it can save more than 20% of the current irrigation time, and the medium flow rate (Q=20L/s, q=1.60L/(m·s)) can save 40% of the irrigation time while obtaining better irrigation performance, and the water saving effect was significant. Different variable parameters had the same changing law for the irrigation performance evaluation index. The planned water demand depth had a significant impact on the irrigation performance. The irrigation performance was less affected by the slope of the field and the length of the border in the case of a very small single-width flow. It was recommended that the sand border field size used in the irrigation area was 80m×12.5m, and the best single-width flow rate and irrigation time combination can be selected according to the actual different incoming water flow rates. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of border irrigation in the irrigation area.

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范雷雷,史海濱,李瑞平,苗慶豐,裴文武,華智敏.河套灌區(qū)畦灌灌水方案優(yōu)化與敏感性分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(9):280-290. FAN Leilei, SHI Haibin, LI Ruiping, MIAO Qingfeng, PEI Wenwu, HUA Zhimin. Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Border Irrigation Performance in Hetao Irrigation District[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(9):280-290.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-10-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-09-10
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