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全自動(dòng)滑道式旱地缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52005221)


Design and Experiment of Fully Automatic Slide-track Type Dryland Pot Seedling Transplanting Mechanism
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    摘要:

    針對目前移栽機(jī)構(gòu)取苗速度快導(dǎo)致缽苗易損傷和栽植器在栽植過程中水平方向與地面存在相對運(yùn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)致缽苗栽植直立度低等問題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種全自動(dòng)滑道式旱地缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu),該機(jī)構(gòu)通過滑道控制栽植臂實(shí)現(xiàn)取苗,、送苗,、栽植和復(fù)位功能,使取苗和栽植運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡和運(yùn)動(dòng)速度達(dá)到最優(yōu)狀態(tài),。通過對移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的理論分析,,建立運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型,?;赩B開發(fā)了計(jì)算機(jī)輔助優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)軟件,優(yōu)化出一組滿足理想移栽軌跡要求的機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù),,根據(jù)此參數(shù)對移栽機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行整體設(shè)計(jì),,完成三維建模。應(yīng)用ADAMS軟件對移栽機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)仿真分析,,驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)的合理性,。在物理樣機(jī)上利用高速攝像系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了軌跡驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),通過對比可知理論軌跡,、仿真軌跡與樣機(jī)工作軌跡基本一致,,驗(yàn)證了機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的正確性。在栽植頻率為62株/min工況下進(jìn)行了機(jī)構(gòu)性能試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果表明平均取苗成功率為95%,、秧苗平均栽植直立度為82°、秧苗平均直立度合格率為93.4%,,滿足缽苗移栽要求,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of seedlings-damaging due to the high seedling speed, and low uprightness due to the relative horizontal movement in the transplanting process, a fully automatic slide-track type dryland pot seedling transplanting mechanism was designed. The functions of seedling retrieval, transportation, planting and resetting were realized by the slide-track mechanism, so that the movement trajectory and movement speed in the process of taking seedlings and planting reached the optimal state. Based on the theoretical analysis of the transplanting mechanism, the kinematics model were established. The computer-aided optimization design software was developed by using VB software, and a group of mechanism parameters that met the requirements of the ideal transplanting trajectory was obtained. According to the mechanism parameters, the layout design of the transplanting mechanism was carried out, and the 3D modeling were completed. The kinematics simulation analysis of the transplanting mechanism was carried out by using ADAMS software, which verified the rationality of the mechanism design. The trajectory verification process was carried out on the physical prototype using high-speed cameras. Comparison results showed that the theoretical trajectory and the simulated trajectory were consistent with the working trajectory of the prototype, which verified the correctness of the mechanism design. The mechanism performance experiment was carried out under the condition of planting frequency of 62 plants/min, and the results showed that the average seedling success rate was 95%, the average planting upright degree of the seedlings was 82°, and the average uprightness of seedlings qualified rate was 93.4% which met the requirements of dryland pot seedling transplanting.

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那明君,滕樂,周振響,周坤,王金武,周脈樂.全自動(dòng)滑道式旱地缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(9):54-61. NA Mingjun, TENG Le, ZHOU Zhenxiang, ZHOU Kun, WANG Jinwu, ZHOU Maile. Design and Experiment of Fully Automatic Slide-track Type Dryland Pot Seedling Transplanting Mechanism[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(9):54-61.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-10-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-09-10
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