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傾斜梯形孔式穴施肥排肥器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0300907)


Design and Experiment of Inclined Trapezoidal Hole Fertilizer Point-applied Discharging Device
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    為降低肥料施用量、提高肥料利用效率,、實(shí)現(xiàn)植株根區(qū)施肥,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種傾斜梯形孔式定量穴排肥器。闡述了穴排肥器的成穴與工作原理,,分析了影響其成穴性能的主要因素,,構(gòu)建了充肥和排肥過程中肥料顆粒群的力學(xué)模型;應(yīng)用離散元軟件EDEM和流體分析軟件Fluent對(duì)穴排肥器的成穴性能進(jìn)行了仿真分析,,研究了作業(yè)速度,、充肥孔長度和氣流速度對(duì)穴長、穴排肥量誤差的影響,,通過全因子試驗(yàn)得到作業(yè)速度為3~7km/h時(shí)的較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為充肥孔長度27.0mm,、氣流速度15.0m/s,對(duì)應(yīng)的穴長和穴排肥量誤差分別為62.7~87.5mm和7.4%~8.9%,。臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)表明,,在作業(yè)速度為3~7km/h、充肥孔長度為27.0mm和氣流速度為15.0m/s條件下,,穴長,、穴長穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)、穴排肥量誤差和穴距誤差分別為98.5~175.5mm,、7.42%~14.18%,、7.60%~15.17%、2.3%~4.7%,;田間試驗(yàn)表明,,作業(yè)速度為3~7km/h時(shí),穴長,、穴長穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù),、穴排肥量誤差和穴距誤差分別為104.2~178.4mm、7.55%~14.56%,、7.69%~13.80%,、2.1%~4.3%,,成穴性能較好。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizers, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers applied, and realize fertilization in the root zone of plants, an inclined trapezoidal hole fertilizer point-applied discharging device was designed. Fertilizer point-applied discharging device can be divided into two categories, the first type was intermittent fertilizer discharge device, and the continuous fertilizer particles were discharged from the fertilizer supplied device and then relied on the intermittent device (duck mouth valve) to open and close to form the hole fertilization;the second type was consequent metering device, the mechanisms combined filling plate and discharging plate continuously and then rotated and extracted fertilizer particles from the filling area, then discharged fertilizer particles from the discharging area. The consequent metering device can reduce the movement time of the fertilizer, offset the forward speed of metering machines, and finally reduce the scattered length of the landing fertilizer particles by the centrifugal force and the initial tangential velocity of the fertilizer. Therefore, a consequent and point-applied fertilization metering device was designed. The centrifugal force of the filling and discharging wheels, the self-gravity of the fertilizer and the assisted pneumatic force were used to discharge the fertilizer, and the performance of the device was improved by reducing the time when the fertilizer particles completely flew out from the hole. The cavitation and working principle of the fertilizer point-applied discharging device were explained, the main influencing factors affecting its fertilizer distribution performance were determined, and the mechanical model of the fertilizer particle group in the process of filling and discharging fertilizer was constructed;the discrete element software EDEM and fluid analysis were used, and the software Fluent was used to carry out a simulation analysis on the fertilizer distribution performance of the fertilizer point-applied device, and the influence of the working speed, length of fertilizer hole and air velocity on the fertilizer distribution length and the error of hole fertilizer amount was studied. The 3-factor 3-level full-factor experimental design method was adopted. The optimized solution showed that when the operating speed, the length of the fertilizer hole and the air velocity were 3~7km/h, 27.0mm and 15.0m/s, respectively, the fertilizer distribution length and the hole fertilizer amount were 62.7~87.5mm and 7.4%~8.9%, respectively. The bench test showed that under the conditions of operating speed of 3~7km/h, hole length and air velocity of 27.0mm and 15.0m/s, respectively, the fertilizer distribution length, the stability coefficient of fertilizer distribution length, the error of fertilizer pointed distance and the error of hole fertilizer discharge the hole distances were 98.5~175.5mm, 7.42%~14.18%, 7.60%~15.17% and 2.3%~4.7%, respectively. Field test results showed that when the operating speed was 3~7km/h, the fertilizer distribution length, the coefficient of variation of the fertilizer distribution length stability, the error of the hole fertilizer amount and the error of the fertilizer pointed distance were 104.2~178.4mm, 7.55%~14.56%, and 7.69%~13.80%, 2.1%~4.3%, respectively. The research result can provide equipment support for the popularization and application of fertilizer hole application technology, and provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of hole fertilizer device.

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都鑫,劉彩玲,姜萌,袁昊,戴磊,李方林.傾斜梯形孔式穴施肥排肥器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(9):43-53. DU Xin, LIU Cailing, JIANG Meng, YUAN Hao, DAI Lei, LI Fanglin. Design and Experiment of Inclined Trapezoidal Hole Fertilizer Point-applied Discharging Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(9):43-53.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-09-10
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