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減氮適水對冬小麥光合特性與土壤水氮分布的影響
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0800601-02)和山東省水利科研項目(SDSLKY201803)


Effects of Nitrogen-reducing and Suitable Water on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Winter Wheat and Distribution of Soil Water and Nitrogen
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    摘要:

    針對華北平原農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中存在的灌溉水資源不足、氮肥投入過量的問題,,以冬小麥為材料,,分別設(shè)置3個供水水平(W1(60%ETc(參考作物需水量),300mm),、W2(75%ETc,,370mm)、W3(ETc,,495mm))和3個施氮水平(N1(180kg/hm2),、N2(255kg/hm2)、N3(330kg/hm2)),,于2018—2019年利用滲漏池小區(qū)進(jìn)行田間試驗,,研究不同水氮對土壤水氮分布、冬小麥旗葉功能期內(nèi)光合特性,、光響應(yīng)曲線參數(shù)以及籽粒產(chǎn)量的影響,。結(jié)果表明:減氮適水(W2N2)能在維持冬小麥生長需求的前提下,提高水氮利用效率,,較W3N3處理多利用土壤蓄水量41.12mm,,減少硝態(tài)氮淋失量15.87%;水氮協(xié)同對小麥旗葉光合特性影響顯著,,W2,、W3處理的旗葉光合速率(Pn)、蒸騰速率(Tr)和氣孔導(dǎo)度(Gs)明顯高于W1處理,,但二者差異不顯著,,N2,、N3處理的旗葉Pn、Tr和Gs明顯高于N1處理,,且二者差異也不顯著,;測產(chǎn)結(jié)果顯示,W2N2產(chǎn)量最高,,且差異顯著,,產(chǎn)量與光合特性、部分光響應(yīng)曲線參數(shù)呈顯著性關(guān)系,,這說明水氮對光合特性的提高有利于光合產(chǎn)物的積累,,進(jìn)而提高了產(chǎn)量。在本試驗條件下,,冬小麥生育期供水量370mm、施氮肥255kg/hm2時,,既能維持冬小麥較高的光合特性和產(chǎn)量,,又能提高土壤蓄水的利用和降低硝態(tài)氮淋失風(fēng)險,達(dá)到華北平原冬小麥生產(chǎn)節(jié)水,、減肥,、環(huán)保、增效的目的,。

    Abstract:

    Insufficient irrigation water resources and excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer are very common in agricultural production in North China Plain. In order to deal with these problems, a field trial with winter wheat as test material was conducted in the lysimeters in 2018—2019. Under three irrigation levels of W1 (60%ETc(reference crop water requirement), 300mm), W2 (75%ETc, 370mm) and W3 〖JP3〗(ETc, 495mm), and three nitrogen levels of N1 (180kg/hm2), N2 (255kg/hm2) and N3 (330kg/hm2), the effects of irrigation-fertilization methods on soil water and nitrogen distribution, photosynthetic characteristics and light response curve parameters of winter wheat flag leaf function period and wheat grain yield were examined. The results showed that W2N2 treatment can maintain wheat growth demand and improve water and nitrogen use efficiency, which increased soil water storage by 41.12mm and decreased soil nitrate leaching by 15.87%, compared with that of W3N3 treatment. The interaction of water and nitrogen had a significant effect on the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves. The Pn, Tr and Gs of W2 and W3 treatments was significantly higher than that of W1 treatment, but there was no significant difference between them, and N treatment had the same response. According to the result of yield test, W2N2 had the largest yield, with significant difference than other treatments. In addition, there was a significant relationship between yield and photosynthetic characteristics, light response curve parameters, which indicated that the improvement of photosynthetic characteristics caused by water and nitrogen was conducive to the accumulation of photosynthetic products, and then increased the yield. Under the conditions of this experiment, W2 treatment (irrigated 370mm in overwintering period, 75%ETc)combined with N2 treatment (with nitrogen application rate of 255kg/hm2) can not only maintain high photosynthetic characteristics and crop yield, but also improve the utilization of soil water storage and reduce the risk of nitrate leaching, realizing the water-saving and nitrogen reduction production of winter wheat in the North China Plain.

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叢鑫,龐桂斌,張立志,徐征和,楊金梁,牟曉宇.減氮適水對冬小麥光合特性與土壤水氮分布的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2021,52(6):324-332. CONG Xin, PANG Guibin, ZHANG Lizhi, XU Zhenghe, YANG Jinliang, MU Xiaoyu. Effects of Nitrogen-reducing and Suitable Water on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Winter Wheat and Distribution of Soil Water and Nitrogen[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(6):324-332.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-06-10
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