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斜發(fā)沸石對(duì)遼西半干旱區(qū)節(jié)水灌溉稻田的節(jié)水減肥效應(yīng)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFD0300300),、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52009078)和遼寧省教育廳科研項(xiàng)目(LSNJC201918)


Water-saving and Fertilizer-reducing Effect of Clinoptilolite in Water-saving Irrigated Paddy Fields in Semiarid Areas of Western Liaoning
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)遼西半干旱區(qū)稻田土壤保水保肥能力低下的問題,并為探明節(jié)水灌溉稻田中斜發(fā)沸石的節(jié)水減肥效應(yīng),、明確其調(diào)控的氮積累過程參數(shù)與水稻產(chǎn)量之間的關(guān)系,,于2019年和2020年在遼西彰武縣綠維農(nóng)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了大田試驗(yàn)。采用隨機(jī)區(qū)組試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),,設(shè)置常規(guī)淹灌(對(duì)照),、干濕交替灌溉和施加斜發(fā)沸石、干濕交替灌溉和施加斜發(fā)沸石并減氮1/4,、干濕交替灌溉和施加斜發(fā)沸石并減磷1/4,、干濕交替灌溉和施加斜發(fā)沸石并使用等量有機(jī)肥替代傳統(tǒng)速效肥等5個(gè)處理,對(duì)水稻耗水量,、干物質(zhì)量,、吸氮量等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)。結(jié)果表明,,相較于常規(guī)淹灌,,節(jié)水灌溉條件下施用斜發(fā)沸石可以顯著節(jié)水4.8%~11.4%,、提高水分生產(chǎn)率6.2%~15.5%、減少磷肥用量25%,,最高增產(chǎn)9.7%,;水稻耗水量呈現(xiàn)先增加、后降低的單峰曲線規(guī)律,,而水稻需氮規(guī)律符合Richards生長(zhǎng)函數(shù)變化趨勢(shì),;主成分分析表明,水稻高產(chǎn)的3個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素為前期氮素積累量,、氮素積累時(shí)間和積累過程的平穩(wěn)性,;干濕交替灌溉和施加斜發(fā)沸石并減磷1/4處理與干濕交替灌溉和施加斜發(fā)沸石處理增產(chǎn)的原因主要是提高了葉片的氮素積累,繼而提高了干物質(zhì)積累量和氮素在穗部的積累量,。綜上,干濕交替灌溉和施加斜發(fā)沸石并減磷1/4處理與干濕交替灌溉和施加斜發(fā)沸石處理氮素積累總量和氮素積累時(shí)效均較高,,且氮素積累較平穩(wěn),,是遼西半干旱地區(qū)稻田節(jié)水增效的重要模式。

    Abstract:

    The low water and fertility retention capacity of paddy soils in the semiarid area of Western Liaoning is one of the important obstacles restricting water conservation and high yield in this area. In order to study the water-saving and fertilizer-reducing effects of clinoptilolite in water-saving irrigated paddy fields and clarify the relationship between the process parameters of nitrogen accumulation and rice yields, field experiments were conducted in semiarid areas of Western Liaoning in 2019 and 2020. Conventional flooding irrigation treatment was taken as control, and alternate wet-dry irrigation with application of clinoptilolite, alternate wet-dry irrigation with application of clinoptilolite and 1/4 less nitrogen treatment, alternate wet-dry irrigation with application of clinoptilolite and 1/4 less phosphorus treatment, alternate wet-dry irrigation with application of clinoptilolite and local organic fertilizer instead of quick-acting fertilizer treatment,were designed to monitor rice water consumption, dry matter, nitrogen uptake, etc. Results showed that compared with conventional flooding irrigation, clinoptilolite coupled with alternate wet-dry irrigation significantly saved irrigation water by 4.8% to 11.4%, increased water productivity by 6.2% to 15.5%, reduced phosphate fertilizer by 25%, and increased rice grain yield up to 9.7%. The rice water consumption presented that it was firstly increased and then decreased, and the plant nitrogen requirement conformed to the Richards’s growth function. The principal component analysis showed that the three important parameters affecting the highrice yield were the nitrogen accumulation amount, nitrogen accumulation duration and stablity of nitrogen accumulation process. The significant increase in rice yield for “alternate wet-dry irrigation with application of clinoptilolite and 1/4 less phosphorus” treatment, and “alternate wet-dry irrigation with application of clinoptilolite” treatment was due to the increased nitrogen accumulation in leaves, and then increased the dry matter accumulation and the nitrogen accumulation in rice panicles. In summary,alternate wet-dry irrigation with application of clinoptilolite and 1/4 less phosphorus treatment, and alternate wet-dry irrigation with application of clinoptilolite treatment had characters of both high nitrogen accumulation amount and duration, and stable nitrogen accumulation process, which became the important ways to save irrigation water and increase production efficiency in apaddy field of the semi-arid area of Western Liaoning.

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吳奇,陳弘揚(yáng),王延智,遲道才.斜發(fā)沸石對(duì)遼西半干旱區(qū)節(jié)水灌溉稻田的節(jié)水減肥效應(yīng)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(6):305-313. WU Qi, CHEN Hongyang, WANG Yanzhi, CHI Daocai. Water-saving and Fertilizer-reducing Effect of Clinoptilolite in Water-saving Irrigated Paddy Fields in Semiarid Areas of Western Liaoning[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(6):305-313.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-06-10
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