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水炭運(yùn)籌下水稻根系對氮素吸收利用的15N示蹤分析
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黑龍江省省屬高等學(xué)?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)基礎(chǔ)研究項(xiàng)目(YWK10236200143)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400108)


15N Tracer Analysis of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization by Rice Roots under Water and Biochar Management
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    摘要:

    為揭示水炭運(yùn)籌下水稻根系對氮素的吸收利用情況,,采用田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn)與15N示蹤微區(qū)結(jié)合的方法,試驗(yàn)設(shè)置兩種灌水模式(淺濕干灌溉,、常規(guī)淹灌)和4個(gè)秸稈生物炭施用水平(0,、2.5、12.5,、25t/hm2),,以常規(guī)淹灌作為對照,研究淺濕干灌溉模式施加秸稈生物炭對水稻根系形態(tài)特征和生理特性的影響,,以及根系對肥料和土壤氮素的吸收利用情況,。結(jié)果表明:施加秸稈生物炭改變了水稻根系形態(tài)特征和生理特性,適量的秸稈生物炭提高了根系的主根長,、根體積,、根鮮質(zhì)量、根系活躍吸收面積、根系傷流強(qiáng)度和根系活力,,優(yōu)化了根冠比,,有利于根系對氮素的吸收;淺濕干灌溉模式水稻根系對肥料-15N和土壤氮素的吸收量與根系傷流強(qiáng)度和根系活力呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01),,與活躍吸收面積呈顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.05),,與根冠比呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05);淺濕干灌溉模式根系形態(tài)特征和生理特性的變化促進(jìn)了水稻根系對肥料-15N和土壤氮素的吸收,,提高了水稻產(chǎn)量和氮肥利用率,。其中,淺濕干灌溉模式施加12.5t/hm2秸稈生物炭處理的水稻經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量,、氮肥吸收利用率(NUE),、氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)利用率(NAE)、氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力(NPFP)較不施加秸稈生物炭處理分別提高了13.05%,、30.54%,、11.67%和13.05%。本研究可為秸稈生物炭在寒地黑土區(qū)稻田的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐,。

    Abstract:

    In order to reveal the nitrogen uptake and utilization of rice roots under water and biochar management, field plot experiment and 15N tracer micro plot were used. Two irrigation modes (dry-shallow-wet irrigation and conventional flooding irrigation) and four straw biochar application levels (0t/hm2, 2.5t/hm2, 12.5t/hm2 and 25t/hm2) were set up. The effects of straw biochar on the morphological and physiological characteristics of rice roots, and the absorption and utilization of fertilizer and soil nitrogen by roots under dry-shallow-wet irrigation were studied. The results showed that the application of straw biochar changed the morphological and physiological characteristics of rice roots, and the appropriate amount of straw biochar increased the main root length, root volume, root fresh weight, root active absorption area, root bleeding velocity and root activity, optimized the root-shoot ratio, which was conducive to nitrogen absorption; the uptake of fertilizer-15N and soil nitrogen by rice roots under dry-shallow-wet irrigation mode was also improved. There was a significant positive correlation with root bleeding and root activity (P < 0.01), a significant positive correlation with active absorption area (P < 0.05), and a significant negative correlation with root-shoot ratio (P<0.05). The changes of root morphological and physiological characteristics in dry-shallow-wet irrigation mode promoted the uptake of fertilizer-15N and soil nitrogen by rice roots, and improved rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Compared with the treatment without straw biochar, the economic yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, agronomic utilization efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in the treatment of dry-shallow-wet irrigation with 12.5t/hm2 straw biochar were increased by 13.05%, 30.54%, 11.67% and 13.05%, respectively. The results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the application of straw biochar in paddy field in cold and black soil region.

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張作合,張忠學(xué),李鐵成,秦子元,孫迪,宋健.水炭運(yùn)籌下水稻根系對氮素吸收利用的15N示蹤分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(6):295-304. ZHANG Zuohe, ZHANG Zhongxue, LI Tiecheng, QIN Ziyuan, SUN Di, SONG Jian.15N Tracer Analysis of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization by Rice Roots under Water and Biochar Management[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(6):295-304.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-06-10
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