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正負(fù)氣壓-型孔輪組合式谷子穴播排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0701800-02)和黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)三縱三橫項(xiàng)目(TDJH201803)


Design and Test of Millet Hill-drop Seed-metering Device with Combination of Positive-negative Pressure and Hole Wheel
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有谷子穴播排種器播種時(shí)存在堵孔、排種盤高轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)充種率低及排種均勻性差等問題,,結(jié)合谷子穴播農(nóng)藝要求,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種正負(fù)氣壓-型孔輪組合式谷子穴播排種器,。對(duì)排種器關(guān)鍵部件參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算,通過理論分析建立了種子在流場(chǎng)中和充種區(qū)的力學(xué)模型,。為了獲得最佳的排種器性能參數(shù),,以型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速、真空度,、吸孔直徑為試驗(yàn)因素,,以合格率、重播率,、漏播率為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),,進(jìn)行了三因素五水平二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),采用多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化方法,,確定了當(dāng)吸孔直徑為1.04mm,、真空度為2.10kPa、型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速為22.46r/min時(shí),,合格率為93.14%,,重播率為3.48%,漏播率為3.38%,。對(duì)優(yōu)化結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),,驗(yàn)證結(jié)果與優(yōu)化結(jié)果基本一致。田間播種試驗(yàn)表明,,該排種器合格率為88.2%,、重播率為4.9%、漏播率為6.9%,,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均滿足谷子穴播農(nóng)藝要求,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of small size, light weight and pityriasis in millet seed sowing and seed-metering device, such as hole blocking, poor seed uniformity and low seed filling rate at high rotating speed of seed-metering plate, a combined type of positive and negative air pressure and hole wheel seed sowing and seed-metering device was designed according to the agronomic requirements of millet seed sowing. The parameters of key parts of seed sorter were designed and calculated, and the mechanical model of seed in the flow field and filling area was established through theoretical analysis. It was found that the main factors affecting the airflow force on seeds were the diameter of suction hole and the vacuum degree inside the type hole. The vacuum degree required by seed sorter during seed filling was 1.13~3.21kPa. Through single factor test, it was determined that the optimal hole of the seed metering device was cylindrical conical composite hole, and the optimal hole diameter was 1mm, and it was verified that the pass rate of the hole metering device under the condition of negative pressure at high speed was significantly higher than that without negative pressure. In order to get the best performance parameters of the metering device, with hole type wheel speed, vacuum degree, and suction diameter as the test factors, percent of pass, replanting rate, sowing rate as the evaluation index, the three factors five levels quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test was taken, and multi-objective optimization method was used, and the best parameter combination was determined as follows: when the suction diameter was 1.04mm, the vacuum degree was 2.10kPa, hole type wheel speed was 22.46r/min, the percent of pass was 93.14%, the replanting rate was 3.48%, the leakage rate was 3.38%. The verification results were basically consistent with the optimized results. In order to investigate the actual sowing performance of seed metering device, field seeding experiments were carried out. The field test results showed that the pass rate was 88.2%, the replanting rate was 4.9%, and the leakage rate was 6.9%. All the indexes met the requirements of hill seeding agronomy of millet.

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衣淑娟,陳濤,李衣菲,陶桂香,毛欣.正負(fù)氣壓-型孔輪組合式谷子穴播排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(6):83-94. YI Shujuan, CHEN Tao, LI Yifei, TAO Guixiang, MAO Xin. Design and Test of Millet Hill-drop Seed-metering Device with Combination of Positive-negative Pressure and Hole Wheel[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(6):83-94.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-06-10
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