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弧齒往復(fù)式稻田株間自動(dòng)避苗除草裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51875098),、國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系崗位科學(xué)家項(xiàng)目(CARS-01-44)和黑龍江省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新體系崗位專家項(xiàng)目


Design and Experiment of Arc-tooth Reciprocating Motion Type Seedling Avoided Weeding Control Device for Intertillage Paddy
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有稻田株間除草漏除率大,、除草率低和除草裝置因無(wú)法確定秧苗位置而導(dǎo)致傷苗率高等問(wèn)題,基于除草執(zhí)行部件往復(fù)式開合運(yùn)動(dòng)思想,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種用于去除稻田中耕期株間雜草的弧齒式自動(dòng)避苗除草裝置,。根據(jù)中耕除草期稻株生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài),通過(guò)理論分析設(shè)計(jì)了對(duì)置株間除草齒,,并確定了除草弧齒的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),。利用光電傳感器和電動(dòng)直線推桿的協(xié)同作用,設(shè)計(jì)了自動(dòng)避苗控制系統(tǒng),,當(dāng)該裝置執(zhí)行避苗除草作業(yè)時(shí),,系統(tǒng)根據(jù)前進(jìn)速度控制除草弧齒張開一定間距,,以躲避秧苗?;陲@式動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真軟件LS-DYNA進(jìn)行了虛擬試驗(yàn),,以地表下0~40mm內(nèi)土壤擾動(dòng)率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),當(dāng)除草齒入土深度為32mm時(shí),,土壤擾動(dòng)率達(dá)到最大值,,為90.02%。通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了該株間除草裝置和自動(dòng)避苗控制系統(tǒng)的作業(yè)性能,,在前進(jìn)速度為0.5~0.9m/s時(shí),,該裝置平均除草率為86.51%、平均傷苗率為0.20%,,除草和避苗作業(yè)性能穩(wěn)定,,可滿足稻田除草農(nóng)藝要求和株間“避苗除草”作業(yè)要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of high missed weeding rate and low weeding rate between plants in paddy fields, and the existing weeding device cannot determine the position of the seedlings and led to the high seedling damage rate, an arc-tooth type automatic seedling avoided weeding device was designed to remove weeds between plants during paddy field cultivation, which was based on the idea of controlling the intermittent opening and closing movement of the weeding execution component. According to the growth status of rice plants in the weeding period of intertillage, the symmetrical weeding teeth used to remove weeds between plants were designed through theoretical analysis, and the main structural parameters of arc-shaped weeding teeth were determined. The automatic control system for avoiding seedlings was designed through the synergy of photoelectric sensors and electric linear actuators. When the weeding device needed to perform the action of avoiding seedlings, the control system controlled the arc-shaped weeding teeth to open a certain distance according to the real-time monitoring of the forward speed to avoid the seedlings. A virtual experiment was carried out based on the dynamic simulation software LS-DYNA. In the experiment, the soil disturbance rate within 0~40mm below the ground surface was used as the evaluation index, and the working depth of the arc-shaped weeding tooth of the device was determined to be 32mm, and at this time, the soil disturbance rate reached the maximum value, which was 90.02%. The operating performance of the inter-plant weeding device and automatic seedling avoidance control system was verified through field experiment. When the forward speed was 0.5~0.9m/s, the average weeding rate of the device was 86.51% and the average seedling damage rate was 0.20%. The performance of weeding and seedling avoidance was stable, and the operation quality can meet the agronomic requirements of paddy field weeding and the operation requirements of “avoiding seedlings and weeding” between plants.

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王奇,周文琪,唐漢,馬驍馳,王金武,佟童.弧齒往復(fù)式稻田株間自動(dòng)避苗除草裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(6):53-61. WANG Qi, ZHOU Wenqi, TANG Han, MA Xiaochi, WANG Jinwu, TONG Tong. Design and Experiment of Arc-tooth Reciprocating Motion Type Seedling Avoided Weeding Control Device for Intertillage Paddy[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(6):53-61.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-06-10
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