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遙控全向調(diào)平山地履帶拖拉機設(shè)計與性能試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0700503)和陜西省科技重大專項(2020zdzx03-04-01)


Design and Performance Test of Remote Control Omnidirectional Leveling Hillside Crawler Tractor
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    摘要:

    針對傳統(tǒng)拖拉機坡地行駛及作業(yè)時穩(wěn)定性差、安全性不高,、操縱復(fù)雜等問題,,設(shè)計了一種遙控全向調(diào)平山地履帶拖拉機(簡稱山地拖拉機)。首先,,在分析山地拖拉機調(diào)平原理的基礎(chǔ)上,,提出基于平行四桿機構(gòu)的車身橫向調(diào)平方案和基于雙車架機構(gòu)的縱向調(diào)平方案;其次,,對山地拖拉機的全向調(diào)平裝置,、行走系、基于靜液壓驅(qū)動裝置(HST)的無級調(diào)速傳動系統(tǒng),、多功能液壓系統(tǒng),、坡地適應(yīng)液壓懸掛裝置等關(guān)鍵部件進行設(shè)計和相應(yīng)的匹配選型;最后,,對山地拖拉機進行了整機性能試驗,。試驗表明,拖拉機在0°~15°的橫向坡地和0°~10°的縱向坡地可以實現(xiàn)車身橫,、縱向的調(diào)平,,有效提高了拖拉機坡地行駛和作業(yè)的穩(wěn)定性;拖拉機可實現(xiàn)0~8km/h的無級調(diào)速,,滿足平地行駛,、爬坡、等高線作業(yè)等多種工況的速度要求,;可遙控實現(xiàn)山地拖拉機行車,、制動、轉(zhuǎn)向,、全向(橫向和縱向)調(diào)平,、農(nóng)具升降及姿態(tài)調(diào)整等動作,極大地提高了操縱的便捷性,;山地拖拉機的接地比壓為0.025MPa,,在松軟路面和沼澤地均具有良好的通過性;山地拖拉機的轉(zhuǎn)向機動性能良好,,最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑為1728mm,,可適應(yīng)丘陵山地相對狹小的坡地作業(yè)環(huán)境,;山地拖拉機的平地偏駛率為5.5%,在15°坡地車身調(diào)平后的偏駛率為5.75%,,小于車身未調(diào)平時偏駛率8.62%,,均滿足相應(yīng)國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(≤6%)要求;液壓懸掛裝置的最大提升力為8.2kN,,滿足基本的作業(yè)需求,;坡地旋耕的耕深穩(wěn)定性滿足國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(≥85%)要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of difficult leveling, poor stability, complex operation and poor safety of traditional tractor in slope operation, a kind of omnidirectional leveling hillside crawler tractor (abbreviated as hillside tractor) was developed. Firstly, based on the analysis of the leveling principle of hillside crawler tractor under condition of slope, the lateral leveling scheme based on parallel four-bar mechanism and the longitudinal leveling scheme based on double frame mechanism were proposed. Secondly, the key components of the hillside tractor (omnidirectional leveling device, walking system, stepless speed regulation drive system based on hydrostatic drive (HST), multi-functional hydraulic system, slope adaptive hydraulic suspension device) were selected, designed and created. Finally, the performance test of hillside tractor was carried out. The test results showed that the vehicle body leveling could be realized on the 0°~15°lateral slope and 0°~10°longitudinal slope, which could effectively improve the stability and safety of the slope driving and operation;the stepless speed regulation of 0~8km/h could be realized, which could meet the speed requirements of flat driving, climbing, contour line operation and other working conditions;the driving, braking, steering, and omnidirectional (lateral and longitudinal) leveling of hillside tractor and posture adjustment of farm tools could be realized by remote control, which greatly improved the convenience of operation;the ground pressure of hillside tractor was 0.025MPa, which indicated that it had good trafficability on soft road and swamp;the steering performance of hillside tractor was good, and the minimum turning radius was 1728mm, which could be used in relatively narrow slope working environment such as hilly areas;the flat deviation rate of hillside tractor was 55%, and the deviation rate after leveling on 15°slope was 5.75%, which was less than 8.62% without tractor leveling, and all met the requirements of corresponding national standard (≤6%); the maximum lifting force of the hydraulic suspension device was 8.2kN, which can meet the operation requirements;the stability of rotary tillage depth on slope land met the national standard (≥85%).The research result had a good reference for the research and development of agricultural machinery in hilly areas.

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孫景彬,楚國評,潘冠廷,孟寵,劉志杰,楊福增.遙控全向調(diào)平山地履帶拖拉機設(shè)計與性能試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2021,52(5):358-369. SUN Jingbin, CHU Guoping, PAN Guanting, MENG Chong, LIU Zhijie, YANG Fuzeng. Design and Performance Test of Remote Control Omnidirectional Leveling Hillside Crawler Tractor[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(5):358-369.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-05-10
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