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油菜精量聯(lián)合直播機覆秸裝置設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(51975238,、32001427)、國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018YFD0200901),、中國博士后科學基金項目(2020M672371)和國家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)體系專項(CARS-12)


Design and Test of Straw Gather-Mulch Device of Combined Precision Rapeseed Seeder
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    摘要:

    在長江中下游稻油輪作區(qū),,前茬水稻機收后秸稈全量留田,當接茬進行油菜精量聯(lián)合直播作業(yè)時,,浮秸易纏繞直播機觸土部件,,造成機具堵塞、種子落在秸稈上難以出苗等問題,。為此,,結合油菜覆草種植農(nóng)藝措施,提出適于油菜直播水稻秸稈覆蓋還田的機械化作業(yè)方案,,設計了一種與油菜精量聯(lián)合直播機配套的覆秸裝置,。通過理論分析,確定了覆秸裝置關鍵環(huán)節(jié)工作部件的結構參數(shù),、安裝位置與安裝角及工作轉速范圍,。控制秸稈喂入量分別為0.9,、1.1,、1.3kg/s,進行性能測試試驗,,驗證了理論分析確定的各部件工作轉速的適宜性和秸稈輸送順暢穩(wěn)定性,,結果表明,當播種覆秸作業(yè)機組配套69.9kW拖拉機,、前進速度0.7m/s,、撿拾裝置滾筒轉速80r/min、集秸裝置螺旋輸送器轉速270r/min和鏈式提升裝置轉速270r/min時,,機具作業(yè)順暢,,秸稈撿拾率達到90%以上??刂凭鶆蜾伔叛b置轉速分別為210,、240、270,、300,、330r/min,,當轉速為300r/min時,,秸稈覆蓋均勻率最高,,超過92%。田間試驗表明,,覆秸直播機秸稈通過性能良好,,各環(huán)節(jié)工作部件作業(yè)穩(wěn)定,各項設計指標均滿足技術標準要求,,設計的覆秸裝置與油菜精量聯(lián)合直播機集成,,一次作業(yè)可完成水稻浮秸的撿拾、堆集,、輸送,、覆蓋以及旋耕整地、開畦溝,、施肥,、油菜播種等工序,適宜在水稻機收后秸稈未作任何處理的稻茬田作業(yè),。

    Abstract:

    In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the rice and rapeseed are the most important crops. They are planted in turn, and after the rice is harvested, rapeseed will be planted in time. High-efficiency combined precision seeder is often used to plant the rapeseed, which could complete seedbed preparation, ditching, fertilizing and sowing at once. However, here is a difficulty left by the previous rice harvest that is the harvest machine threshes the grain and leaves the rice straw in the field. The straw is easy to entangle the soil-touching parts of the combined precision seeder to block the machine, as well as the seeds are easy to fall on the straw, and difficult to emerge. Considering the kind of agronomic practice of straws covering for rapeseed cultivation, an innovation mechanized operation scheme both suitable for rapeseed seeding and returning rice straw mulch to the seedbed was proposed. A straw gather-mulch device matching with combined precision rapeseed seeder was designed. Through theoretical analysis, the structural parameters, installation position and angle, and working speed range of the key components of the straw mulching device were determined. Carrying the performance tests, controlling the straw feed rate of 0.9kg/s, 1.1kg/s and 1.3kg/s respectively, the feasibility of the working speed of each component was determined by theoretical analysis and the stability of straw transportation were verified. The experiment showed when the seeding straw mulching operation unit was equipped with a tractor of 69.9kW, at the operation speed of 0.7m/s, the roller speed of the pickup device was 80r/min, the speed of auger and chain lifting device of straw collecting device was 270r/min, the planter and components worked steadily, and the straw picking rate could reach 90%. Controlling the speed of the uniform placement device to be 210r/min, 240r/min, 270r/min, 300r/min and 330r/min, the experiment showed when the rotational speed was 300r/min, the uniformity rate of straw covering was over 92%. The field experiment showed that the straw had gathered clearly and mulched appropriately, the working parts of each link were stable, and the design indexes all met the technical requirements. The research showed that the designed straw gather-mulch device was integrated with the combined precision rapeseed seeder, which could complete the rice straw picking, stacking, transporting, rotating tillage, furrow opening, fertilizing, rapeseed seeding and mulching of rice straw in one operation, and it was suitable for the operation of rice stubble field without any treatment of straw after harvest.

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廖宜濤,李玥賓,廖慶喜,樊偉,高麗萍,陳慧.油菜精量聯(lián)合直播機覆秸裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(5):52-62. LIAO Yitao, LI Yuebin, LIAO Qingxi, FAN Wei, GAO Liping, CHEN Hui. Design and Test of Straw Gather-Mulch Device of Combined Precision Rapeseed Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(5):52-62.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-29
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-05-10
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