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基于殘差BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的6自由度機(jī)器人視覺標(biāo)定
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(11602082)和湖南省自然科學(xué)基金項目(2018JJ4079)


Vision Calibration of Six Degree of Freedom Robot Based on Residual BP Neural Network
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    摘要:

    基于視覺伺服控制的機(jī)器人手眼標(biāo)定和逆運(yùn)動學(xué)求解一直是視覺伺服領(lǐng)域的核心問題,。隨著應(yīng)用場景的逐漸復(fù)雜,,傳統(tǒng)手眼標(biāo)定方法已無法滿足需求,;隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)深度的增加,,單一BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)逆運(yùn)動學(xué)求解算法的誤差趨于飽和甚至變大,無法進(jìn)一步提升網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能,。針對以上問題,,本文將手眼標(biāo)定和逆運(yùn)動學(xué)求解融合為擬合目標(biāo)圖像坐標(biāo)到機(jī)器人各關(guān)節(jié)角之間的映射關(guān)系問題,提出了一種殘差BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法,。使用多個殘差網(wǎng)絡(luò)模塊的方式加深BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的深度,,殘差模塊的輸入信息可以在網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)跨層傳輸,較好地解決了因深度增加網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型容易產(chǎn)生梯度消失而無法提升網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能的問題,;通過6自由度機(jī)器人雅可比方程對逆運(yùn)動學(xué)解的空間進(jìn)行劃分,,確定了8個獨(dú)立的區(qū)域,基于獨(dú)立區(qū)域方法對訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,,從而避免了多自由度機(jī)器人逆運(yùn)動學(xué)多解對網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)的影響,,網(wǎng)絡(luò)訓(xùn)練精度提升了2個數(shù)量級,訓(xùn)練速度提高了2倍,。在REBot-V-6R型6自由度機(jī)器人輸送線分揀系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行二維平面抓取和三維實物抓取實驗,,實驗結(jié)果驗證了該方法的準(zhǔn)確性。結(jié)果表明,,該方法比1層BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),、3層BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、5層BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的訓(xùn)練精度分別提高了4個數(shù)量級,、2個數(shù)量級,、5個數(shù)量級,測試精度提高2個數(shù)量級,;與傳統(tǒng)標(biāo)定方法相比,,本文方法節(jié)約了逆運(yùn)動學(xué)求解過程的計算成本,抓取位姿精度提高了1個數(shù)量級,。

    Abstract:

    The hand-eye calibration and inverse kinematics solution of the 6-degree-of-freedom robot based on visual servo control has always been the core problem in this field. With the application scene becoming more complex, the traditional hand-eye calibration method cannot meet requirements. At the same time, based on the single BP neural network inverse kinematics algorithm, the error tends to be saturated or even larger, which cannot further improve the network performance with the increase of network depth to a certain extent. In order to solve the above problems, the problem of hand-eye calibration and inverse kinematics was integrated into the problem of fitting the mapping relationship between the coordinates of the target image and the joint angles of the 6-degree-of-freedom series robot, and a residual BP neural network algorithm was proposed,,the multiple residual network modules were used to deepen the depth of the BP neural network, and the input information of the residual module can be transmitted across layers in the network. It solved the problem that the gradient of the network model was easy to disappear and cannot improve the network performance with the increase of depth. In addition, the space of the inverse kinematics solutions was divided into eight unique regions by the six-degree-of-freedom robot Jacobi equation, and the training data were processed based on this way, the influence of multi-solution of inverse kinematics of multi-degree-of-freedom robot on network learning was avoided, and the accuracy of network training results was improved by two orders of magnitude, and the training speed was increased by two times. Finally, two-dimensional plane grasping and three-dimensional physical grasping experiments were carried out in the REBot-V-6R 6 degree of freedom robot conveyor line sorting system, and the experimental results verified the accuracy of the method. Compared with single-layer BP neural network, three-layer BP neural network and five-layer BP neural network, the training accuracy was improved by four orders of magnitude, two orders of magnitude and five orders of magnitude, respectively, and the testing accuracy was improved by two orders of magnitude,and the computational cost of inverse kinematics was saved and the accuracy was improved by one order of magnitude.

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李光,章曉峰,楊加超,馬祺杰.基于殘差BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的6自由度機(jī)器人視覺標(biāo)定[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2021,52(4):366-374. LI Guang, ZHANG Xiaofeng, YANG Jiachao, MA Qijie. Vision Calibration of Six Degree of Freedom Robot Based on Residual BP Neural Network[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(4):366-374.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-04-10
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