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胡蘿卜薄片紅外干燥光學特性研究
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國家自然科學基金面上項目(31271908)


Optical Properties of Carrot Slices during Infrared Drying
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    摘要:

    為揭示胡蘿卜薄片在紅外干燥過程中的光學特性,,觀察并分析了胡蘿卜薄片的外觀品質,,測量了胡蘿卜髓部和皮層部所含可溶性固形物含量,,對干燥過程中薄片髓部和皮層部兩表面進行了質構測定,,并對其表面的全光譜反射特征、吸收光譜與超微結構進行了分析,。研究表明:物料單位能耗與絕對溫度的5次方呈線性負相關,;當物料含水率降至20%時,出現(xiàn)明顯褐變,,說明紅外干燥比同溫度下熱風干燥的物料褐變程度高,;在物料表面溫度60℃時干燥1.5h,物料髓部上表面硬度高于下表面,,皮層部下表面硬度高于上表面,,說明此時髓部上表面含水率高于下表面、皮層部上表面含水率低于下表面,,皮層部表面對紅外線吸收能力強,;在350~2500nm光譜曲線上,物料皮層部對任意波段光的反射率均高于髓部,,且在短波段差異更明顯,;掃描電鏡圖像顯示,物料髓部比皮層部孔隙直徑大,、迂曲度低,,有利于紅外線向深層傳遞;透射電鏡圖像顯示,,物料皮層部比髓部細胞內(nèi)顆粒物數(shù)量多,、顆粒大。根據(jù)散射理論,,在物料皮層部,,短波段光發(fā)生了米氏散射,長波段光發(fā)生了瑞利散射,;在物料髓部,,短波段光發(fā)生了瑞利散射,,幾乎沒有米氏散射;在同一部位,,表面粗糙多孔的橫切薄片比平整致密的縱切薄片對光的反射率低,。

    Abstract:

    In order to reveal the optical properties of carrot slices during infrared drying, the appearance quality of carrot slices during infrared drying was analyzed. The content of soluble solids in pulp and cortex of carrot slices, the texture of pulp and cortex of carrot slices during drying were determined. The surface reflectance spectrum, absorption spectrum and ultrastructure were analyzed. It was found that the energy consumption per unit of material had linear negative correlation with the 5th power of absolute temperature. The browning occurred when the moisture content was decreased to 20%, and the browning degree of the infrared drying material was higher than that of the hot air drying material at the same temperature. When it was dried at 60℃ for 1.5h, the hardness of the upper surface of the pulp was higher than that of the lower surface, and the hardness of the lower surface of the cortex was higher than that of the upper surface, which indicated that the moisture content of the upper surface of the cortex was lower than that of the lower surface, and the moisture content of the upper surface of the pulp was higher than that of the lower surface. The spectral curve of 350~2500nm showed that the reflectance of cortex was higher than that of medulla in any wave band, and the difference was more obvious in the short wave band. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the diameter of the pores in the medulla was larger and the tortuosity was lower than that in the cortex, which was conducive to the transmission of infrared rays to the deep layer. Transmission electron microscope images showed that the number of particles in cortex was more than that in medulla. According to the scattering theory, short wave light had Mie scattering, and long wave light had Rayleigh scattering in the cortex, short wave light had Rayleigh scattering, and there was no Mie scattering in the medulla. The reflectance of the cross section with porous surface was lower than that of the longitudinal section with dense surface.

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劉玉輝,李騰訓,王相友,魏忠彩.胡蘿卜薄片紅外干燥光學特性研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(4):342-350. LIU Yuhui, LI Tengxun, WANG Xiangyou, WEI Zhongcai. Optical Properties of Carrot Slices during Infrared Drying[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(4):342-350.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-04-10
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