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不同改良劑對(duì)鹽堿地土壤微生物與加工番茄產(chǎn)量的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51779117、51809142)


Effects of Different Amendments on Soil Microorganisms and Yield of Processing Tomato in Saline Alkali Soil
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    摘要:

    在田間試驗(yàn)區(qū)設(shè)置對(duì)照組(CK),、有機(jī)肥復(fù)配脫硫石膏(T1)、生物炭(T2)及脫硫石膏(T3)4個(gè)處理,,分析不同改良劑對(duì)中度鹽堿地表層20cm內(nèi)土壤微生物數(shù)量,、理化性質(zhì)及加工番茄產(chǎn)量的影響,從而確定最適宜的改良劑,。結(jié)果表明:各改良劑均能降低土壤電導(dǎo)率和pH值,,提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、水解氮,、速效磷,、速效鉀含量,并提高加工番茄產(chǎn)量,,其中生物炭處理對(duì)加工番茄產(chǎn)量的影響最為顯著,,較對(duì)照處理增加了55.96%;各處理的土壤細(xì)菌和放線菌數(shù)量在整個(gè)生育期內(nèi)均呈拋物線形變化,,最大值均出現(xiàn)在開(kāi)花著果-著果盛期,,土壤真菌數(shù)量在全生育期呈下降趨勢(shì);施加生物炭,、脫硫石膏,、有機(jī)肥復(fù)配脫硫石膏均可增加土壤細(xì)菌,、放線菌,、真菌數(shù)量,其中細(xì)菌和放線菌數(shù)量均以生物炭處理的增幅最大,,較對(duì)照組分別增加了1.6~7.8倍和2.0~6.1倍,;土壤耕層細(xì)菌、放線菌數(shù)量均與土壤pH值和電導(dǎo)率呈負(fù)相關(guān),,與土壤有機(jī)質(zhì),、水解氮、速效磷,、速效鉀含量呈正相關(guān),,說(shuō)明土壤微生物數(shù)量隨土壤鹽漬化程度的增加呈減少趨勢(shì),與大部分土壤養(yǎng)分之間具有很好的正相關(guān)性,,且細(xì)菌和放線菌數(shù)量多的土壤,,其土壤理化性質(zhì)較好,作物產(chǎn)量也較高,,因此可以將土壤細(xì)菌和放線菌數(shù)量作為評(píng)價(jià)土壤健康狀況的重要生物指標(biāo),。綜上所述,生物炭處理(T2,,22.5t/hm2)最有利于降低中度鹽堿地土壤電導(dǎo)率和pH值,,促進(jìn)土壤微生物的生長(zhǎng)繁殖,,提高土壤養(yǎng)分及加工番茄的產(chǎn)量。

    Abstract:

    Through the field plot experiment design control group (CK), organic fertilizer combined with desulfurized gypsum (T1), biochar (T2) and desulfurized gypsum (T3) four treatments, the effects of different improvers on the quantity of soil microorganism, physical and chemical properties and the yield of processing tomatoes were analyzed, and the best improver was determined. The results showed that all amendments could reduce soil EC and pH value, increase soil organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium and increase the yield of processing tomatoes. Among them, biochar treatment had the most significant effect on improving the yield of processing tomatoes, which increased by 55.96% compared with CK treatment. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil of each treatment showed a parabolic change, the maximum values appeared in the flowering and fruiting period, and the number of soil fungi showed a downward trend in the whole growth period. The application of biochar, desulfurized gypsum and organic fertilizer compound with desulfurized gypsum can increase the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soil, among which the increase of bacteria and actinomycetes in biochar treatment was the largest, which was 1.6~7.8 times and 2.0~6.1 times higher than that of CK treatment, respectively. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in topsoil was negatively correlated with soil EC and pH value, and positively correlated with soil organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. The above results showed that the number of soil microorganisms was decreased with the increase of soil salinization degree, which had good positive correlation with most soil nutrients. In addition, the soil with a large number of bacteria and actinomycetes had better physical and chemical properties and higher crop yield, so the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes can be regarded as an important biological index for evaluating soil health. To sum up, biochar treatment (T2, 22.5t/hm2) was the most beneficial to reduce the EC and pH value of moderate saline alkali soil, promote the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms, improve soil nutrients and the yield of processing tomatoes.

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屈忠義,孫慧慧,楊博,高曉瑜,王利明,王麗萍.不同改良劑對(duì)鹽堿地土壤微生物與加工番茄產(chǎn)量的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(4):311-318,,350. QU Zhongyi, SUN Huihui, YANG Bo, GAO Xiaoyu, WANG Liming, WANG Liping. Effects of Different Amendments on Soil Microorganisms and Yield of Processing Tomato in Saline Alkali Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(4):311-318,,350.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-04-10
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