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電控錐盤式蔬菜播種機設計與試驗
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山東省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017NC212006,、2019GNC106056)和國家自然科學基金項目(51775290)


Design and Experiment of Electric Control Cone Type Vegetable Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對蔬菜機械化播種成本高,、播種質量有待提高等問題,考慮蔬菜種子尺寸小,、播種株距小,、播深淺等特點,設計了電控錐盤式蔬菜播種機,。重點研究分析了播種機的播種原理,、種子的運動特性、開溝器的受力及刃口曲線等,,確定了錐盤排種器,、供種器,、開溝覆土器等關鍵部件結構及參數(shù)。通過設計閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了排種盤轉速與機具前進速度的匹配,;采用供種器連續(xù)供種,、錐盤排種器均勻排種、推種器滾輪推種的方式,,解決了種子堵塞,、損傷等問題;通過滑刀刃口及覆土板受力分析,,確定了開溝及覆土穩(wěn)定的開溝覆土器結構,。大蔥、白菜及菠菜的播種試驗表明:該機結構緊湊,、性能穩(wěn)定,,漏播指數(shù)小于5%,重播指數(shù)小于5%,,播種合格指數(shù)大于90%,符合國家標準且滿足蔬菜種植的農(nóng)藝要求,。

    Abstract:

    In view of the high cost of vegetable mechanized sowing and the problem that the sowing quality needs to be improved, an electric control cone disc vegetable planter was developed based on the characteristics of small size of vegetable seeds, small spacing of sowing plants and shallow sowing depth. The seeding principle and seed movement process of the metering device, the force and edge curve of the opener were studied, and the structure of the key components such as the cone disc metering device and the opener were determined. The machine was mainly composed of chassis, frame, seed metering device, closed-loop control system, trencher and pressing wheel. Through the closed-loop control system, the speed of seed metering plate and the forward speed of the machine were matched. With the help of the electric control system, the machine can control the sowing speed in real time to ensure the precision and quality of sowing; with the way of continuous seed supply, cone disc seed separation and rolling wheel seed pushing, it can ensure the quantity and precision of sowing; with the help of the construction of the slide knife curve and the stress analysis of the covering mechanism, it can realize the low resistance ditch opening and covering the soil on the ground. The force and movement of seed in the process of seed arrangement were analyzed, and the conditions of seed movement and smooth seed filling were determined. The height of cone h was 55mm, the base angle θ was 30°, the width W of seed groove ring was 2.5mm, the depth T1 was 2mm, the radius of hole was 1.25mm, and the number of holes Z2 was 28. The key structure and motion parameters of the seed pusher were determined by the seed metering process and the matching relationship of the seed pusher structure. The diameter of the roller was 25mm, the radian was 0.8rad, and the structure size was the same. Based on the analysis of seed characteristics and seed quantity requirements, the primary and normal seed quantity of the seed feeder were determined. The effective length of the seed wheel groove lg was 9mm. The problems of seed blocking and damage were solved by means of continuous seed supply, cone plate seed arrangement and rolling wheel seed pushing, and the resistance of trench opening was reduced by means of sliding knife and covering soil on the ground. According to the requirements of trenching and covering soil, the edge of exponential curve and covering soil mechanism were determined to simplify the structure and improve the performance. The angle of penetration α was 120°. With spinach, leek and cabbage as the representative vegetable seeds, the experiment of sowing different types of seeds was carried out. The test results showed that the machine had high sowing quality and stable performance. The qualified index was more than 90%, the replaying index was less than 5%, and the missed sowing index was less than 5%, which met the national standard and the agricultural requirements of vegetable planting in the field. The research results provided a technology, equipment and method for mechanized precision planting of vegetables.

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王方艷,孫光全,張欽.電控錐盤式蔬菜播種機設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(4):70-79. WANG Fangyan, SUN Guangquan, ZHANG Qin. Design and Experiment of Electric Control Cone Type Vegetable Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(4):70-79.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-06-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-04-10
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