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油麥兼用型氣送式集排器分配裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51875229),、國家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)體系專項(CARS-12)和湖北省科技廳農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新行動項目


Design and Test on Distributor Device of Air-assisted Centralized Metering Device for Rapeseed and Wheat
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    摘要:

    針對寬幅,、高速播種作業(yè)中缺少與播種機相匹配、油菜及小麥兼用,、穩(wěn)定排種的氣送式集排器分配裝置的生產(chǎn)實際問題,,設(shè)計了一種可實現(xiàn)24行排種的穹頂狀分配裝置,。闡述了穹頂狀分配裝置的工作原理,確定了分配裝置穹頂狀曲面方程及關(guān)鍵參數(shù)間的關(guān)系,,分析了輸送氣流及分配裝置結(jié)構(gòu)對種子速度的影響,。通過二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合試驗,應(yīng)用DEM-CFD氣固耦合仿真,,分析了穹頂狀上弧板所處球體半徑,、導(dǎo)流隔板長度、導(dǎo)種口高度對分配裝置各行排量一致性的影響,,結(jié)果表明:當穹頂狀上弧板所處球體半徑為245mm,、導(dǎo)流隔板長度為20mm、導(dǎo)種口高度為20.5mm時,,油菜及小麥種子各行排量一致性較優(yōu),;在較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下,穹頂狀分配裝置內(nèi)可有效實現(xiàn)種子與輸送氣流的二次混合,,油菜,、小麥種子各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)分別為4.96%、3.82%,。利用智能種植機械測試平臺進行了較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下穹頂狀分配裝置排種性能驗證試驗,,結(jié)果表明:氣送式集排器供種裝置轉(zhuǎn)速為20~50r/min時,油菜各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)低于5%,、單行排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)低于5.3%,,小麥各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)低于3.9%、單行排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)低于4.9%,,破損率均不高于0.05%,,滿足油菜及小麥排種性能要求。

    Abstract:

    Considering the problem that in the broad width and high speed planting operation, there is a lack of distributor device of air-assisted centralized metering device which can match the planter to realize the stable seeding for rapeseed and wheat, a prototype of dome shaped distributor device that could achieve 24 rows seeding was developed. The working principle of the dome shaped distributor device was elaborated. The equation of the dome shaped surface of the distributor device and the relationship among the key parameters were determined. The influence of the conveying airflow and the structure of the distributor device on the seed delivery velocity were analyzed. The influence of the sphere radius of dome shaped upper arc plate, length of diversion baffle, and height of guiding seed outlet was tested with the quadratic rotation orthogonal combination experiment by DEM-CFD gas and solid coupling simulation. The experiment results indicated that when the sphere radius of dome shaped upper arc plate was 245mm, the length of diversion baffle was 20mm, and the height of guiding seed outlet was 20.5mm, the uniformity variation coefficient of seeding quality was better. Under the optimal parameters combination, the secondary mixing of seeds and conveying airflow could be realized effectively in the dome shaped distributor device, and the uniformity variation coefficient of seeding quality of rapeseed and wheat was 4.96% and 3.82%, respectively. The intelligent test platform for planting machines was used to carry out the seeding performance verification test of dome shaped distributor device under the better parameter combination. The bench test results showed that when the rotating speed of seed feeding device of air-assisted centralized metering device was 20~50r/min, the uniformity variation coefficient of seeding quality of the rapeseed was less than 5%, the variation coefficient of single row seeding stability of rapeseed was lower than 5.3%, the uniformity variation coefficient of seeding quality of the wheat was less than 3.9%, the variation coefficient of single row seeding stability of wheat was lower than 4.9%, and the damage rate was no higher than 0.05%, which met the performance requirements of rapeseed and wheat seeding.

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王磊,廖宜濤,萬星宇,肖文立,王寶山,廖慶喜.油麥兼用型氣送式集排器分配裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2021,52(4):43-53. WANG Lei, LIAO Yitao, WAN Xingyu, XIAO Wenli, WANG Baoshan, LIAO Qingxi. Design and Test on Distributor Device of Air-assisted Centralized Metering Device for Rapeseed and Wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(4):43-53.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-04-10
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