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水氮互作對(duì)冬小麥水肥利用效率與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的影響
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0800601-02)和山東省水利科研項(xiàng)目(SDSLKY201803)


Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Interaction on Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Winter Wheat
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    摘要:

    為探索冬小麥最佳的水肥管理制度,采用田間試驗(yàn)方法,,在低水I1(60%ETc,,300.0mm)、中水I2(75%ETc,,370.0mm),、高水I3(ETc,495.0mm)3種灌溉下,,設(shè)置低氮N1(180.0kg/hm2),、中氮N2(255.0kg/hm2)、高氮N3(330.0kg/hm2)3種施氮水平,,測(cè)定不同生育期小麥土壤含水率,、地上干物質(zhì)累積量與最終產(chǎn)量指標(biāo),并計(jì)算農(nóng)田耗水量,、水分利用效率,、氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等指標(biāo),,分析水肥耦合對(duì)各指標(biāo)的影響,。結(jié)果表明,灌溉量對(duì)農(nóng)田耗水量影響顯著,,農(nóng)田耗水量隨灌溉定額的增加而增加,;適當(dāng)?shù)乃逝浔瓤色@得較高的地上干物質(zhì)累積量、產(chǎn)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,,過(guò)量的水肥投入并不會(huì)使產(chǎn)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益持續(xù)增加,;產(chǎn)量、水分利用效率,、氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力,、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與灌溉量,、施氮量的相關(guān)性顯著,建立了各指標(biāo)與灌溉量,、施氮量的二次回歸方程,,計(jì)算得到各指標(biāo)最大值對(duì)應(yīng)的水氮量分別為410.0mm、260.0kg/hm2,,370.0mm,、260.0kg/hm2,410.0mm,、180.0kg/hm2,,400.0mm、250.0kg/hm2,;通過(guò)回歸與空間分析得出,,灌溉量為359.8~428.9mm (72.6%ETc~87.5%ETc)、氮肥量為225.4~280.9kg/hm2時(shí),,冬小麥產(chǎn)量,、水分利用效率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益可同時(shí)達(dá)到最大值的95%以上。本研究可為研究區(qū)及其他環(huán)境相似地區(qū)的水肥制度優(yōu)化與管理提供參考,。

    Abstract:

    To find out the optimized water and fertilizer management, field experiments were conducted to investigate the coupling effects of different amounts of water and fertilizers on water consumption, dry matter accumulation on the ground, wheat yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen partial fertilizer productivity as well as economic benefits. Experiments included three levels of irrigation, i.e. 60%ETc (I1, 300.0mm), 75%ETc(I2, 370.0mm) and ETc (I3, 495.0mm), and three levels of nitrogen, i.e. 180.0kg/hm2 (N1), 255.0kg/hm2 (N2) and 330.0kg/hm2 (N3). The irrigation had a significant effect on the water consumption, and water consumption was increased with the increase of irrigation quota. Only appropriate water and fertilizer ratio can obtain higher dry matter accumulation on the ground, yield and economic benefits, and excessive water and fertilizer input would not increase sustainable output and income. Yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen partial fertilizer productivity and economic benefits had significant correlation with water and fertilizer. The quadratic regression equations of each index and water and fertilizer were established and the corresponding water and fertilizer amount of the maximum value of each index was 410.0mm, 260.0kg/hm2, 370.0mm, 260.0kg/hm2, 410.0mm, 180.0kg/hm2, 400.0mm, 250.0kg/hm2, respectively. By regression and spatial analysis, it was concluded that the yield, water use efficiency and economic benefits reached no less than 95% of their maximum values simultaneously when the irrigation quantity was 359.8~428.9mm (72.6%ETc~87.5%ETc) and the nitrogen application was 225.4~280.9kg/hm2, which can provide a scientific basis for irrigation and fertilization optimization in study area and other regions with similar environments.

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叢鑫,張立志,徐征和,龐桂斌,馮嚴(yán)明,趙登良.水氮互作對(duì)冬小麥水肥利用效率與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(3):315-324. CONG Xin, ZHANG Lizhi, XU Zhenghe, PANG Guibin, FENG Yanming, ZHAO Dengliang. Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Interaction on Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Winter Wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(3):315-324.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-06-05
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2021-03-10
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