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基于增量式PID算法的多種固體肥精確施控系統(tǒng)研究
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黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(LH2020E002),、 黑龍江省博士后基金項(xiàng)目(LBH-Q18013)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFD0201001)


Precision Fertilization Control System Research for Solid Fertilizers Based on Incremental PID Control Algorithm
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    摘要:

    為了實(shí)現(xiàn)變量施肥過程中多種固體肥的實(shí)時(shí)自動(dòng)配比,、提高施肥控制系統(tǒng)的排肥量控制準(zhǔn)確率,采用增量式PID閉環(huán)控制算法設(shè)計(jì)基于測土配方的多種固體肥精確施肥控制系統(tǒng)及與之配套的施肥裝置,,實(shí)現(xiàn)了氮,、磷、鉀3種固體肥的適時(shí)快速響應(yīng)和實(shí)時(shí)精量施入,。施肥控制系統(tǒng)主要包括主-從控制器模塊,、處方圖模塊、北斗衛(wèi)星定位模塊,、測速模塊,、人機(jī)交互模塊、施控電機(jī)模塊和施肥量監(jiān)測模塊等,。主控制器主要完成人機(jī)交互指令接收,、北斗衛(wèi)星定位信息獲取、處方圖施肥量查詢,、車速和施控電機(jī)的工作狀態(tài)監(jiān)測,、從控制器工作指令下達(dá)等任務(wù),,人機(jī)交互模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)主控制器和手機(jī)APP的通信;從控制器主要實(shí)現(xiàn)主控制器指令接收和施控電機(jī)工作控制,。根據(jù)播種環(huán)節(jié)普遍采用中小型播種機(jī)的實(shí)際情況,,模擬播種施肥機(jī)具行進(jìn)速度為3.5~6.5km/h,進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)室單一肥料排肥試驗(yàn),,試驗(yàn)表明,,控制系統(tǒng)最大響應(yīng)時(shí)間1.85s,平均響應(yīng)時(shí)間1.45s,。在設(shè)定施肥量50,、100、200,、300kg/hm2下,,模擬行進(jìn)速度為4,、5,、6km/h時(shí),控制系統(tǒng)的排肥量準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)97.16%,,監(jiān)測準(zhǔn)確率98.56%,。進(jìn)行了田間試驗(yàn),制作了哈爾濱市雙城區(qū)東海村測土配方施肥的處方圖,,在車速為4,、5、6km/h時(shí),,尿素,、磷酸二銨、硫酸鉀的排肥量準(zhǔn)確率分別達(dá)97.22%,、98.60%和97.73%,,滿足精確施肥系統(tǒng)的施肥精度要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to realize the real-time automatic proportioning of various solid fertilizers in the process of variable rate fertilization and improve the accuracy of the fertilization control system, a variable solid-fertilizer closed-loop fertilization control system and corresponding fertilizer apparatus based on the prescription map was designed for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers by using increment PID control algorithm. The system mainly included master-slave controllers, prescription map, Beidou positioning module, speed measuring module, human-machinery interface, electric fertilization motors and fertilization monitoring modules. The function of master controller was as follows: receiving the instructions from human-machinery interface, positioning data acquiring from Beidou module, measuring vehicle speed by Hall sensor module, reading theoretical fertilization amount from prescription map, monitoring the working status of electric fertilization motors, and sending the fertilization instructions to slave controller. Humanmachinery interface was used to set or read the operation parameters between master controller and mobile APP. The slave controller received and delivered fertilization motors instructions. According to the fact that small and medium-sized seeders were widely used in field production in China, the laboratory experiments were carried out with the speeds of fertilization applicator setting in the range of 3.5km/h to 6.5km/h, and the maximum and the mean response time of the control system was obtained of 1.85s and 1.45s, respectively. When the fertilization rates were set as 50kg/hm2, 100kg/hm2, 200kg/hm2 and 300kg/hm2 at vehicle speeds of 4km/h, 5km/h, and 6km/h, the accuracy of control and monitoring were more than 97.16% and 98.56%, respectively. In the field experiment in Donghai Village, Shuangcheng District, Harbin, China, with vehicle speeds of 4km/h, 5km/h, 6km/h, the application accuracy of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride based on a soil prescription map were more than 97.22%, 98.60% and 97.73%, respectively, which met the requirement of precision fertilization system.

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張繼成,嚴(yán)士超,紀(jì)文義,朱寶國,鄭萍.基于增量式PID算法的多種固體肥精確施控系統(tǒng)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(3):99-106. ZHANG Jicheng, YAN Shichao, JI Wenyi, ZHU Baoguo, ZHENG Ping. Precision Fertilization Control System Research for Solid Fertilizers Based on Incremental PID Control Algorithm[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(3):99-106.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-03-10
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