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環(huán)境友好型農(nóng)藥噴施機(jī)械研究進(jìn)展與展望
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31901239),、江蘇省基礎(chǔ)研究計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(BK20170930),、江蘇高校優(yōu)勢(shì)學(xué)科建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目(PAPD)和南京林業(yè)大學(xué)“一流學(xué)科”建設(shè)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(PNFD)


Development and Prospect in Environment-friendly Pesticide Sprayers
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    摘要:

    在農(nóng)林病蟲(chóng)害防治中,化學(xué)方法仍占主導(dǎo)地位,,化學(xué)農(nóng)藥施用不當(dāng)會(huì)引起農(nóng)藥浪費(fèi),、環(huán)境污染和農(nóng)藥殘留等問(wèn)題。為此,,本文闡述了國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)農(nóng)藥?kù)F化,、在線(xiàn)混藥、可變量控制,、仿形噴霧,、霧滴飄移控制、靜電噴霧,、智能對(duì)靶噴霧集成等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究概況,;綜述了防飄移噴霧機(jī)、仿形噴霧機(jī),、噴桿噴霧機(jī),、雜草防除機(jī)械、果園噴霧機(jī),、智能?chē)婌F機(jī)等6類(lèi)典型地面植保機(jī)械的發(fā)展概況,,以及包括植保無(wú)人機(jī)及其關(guān)鍵部件在內(nèi)的典型航空植保機(jī)械的研究發(fā)展水平;提出了環(huán)境友好型農(nóng)藥噴施機(jī)械“綠色環(huán)保,、精確高效”的研究理念,,以及開(kāi)展植保機(jī)器人與專(zhuān)用植保機(jī)械(植保機(jī)器人及其陣列,、專(zhuān)用植保機(jī)械)研發(fā)、航空施藥機(jī)具與植保無(wú)人機(jī)研究,、智能物聯(lián)農(nóng)藥噴霧系統(tǒng)(病蟲(chóng)草害靶標(biāo)智能監(jiān)測(cè)識(shí)別與防治預(yù)警系統(tǒng),、無(wú)線(xiàn)物聯(lián)智能植保信息傳輸系統(tǒng)、立體智能協(xié)同農(nóng)藥噴霧系統(tǒng))研究和植保機(jī)械關(guān)鍵技術(shù)(新型噴頭及在線(xiàn)混藥,、智能化載運(yùn)平臺(tái))研究等總體發(fā)展建議。

    Abstract:

    The pesticide application plays a leading role in the control of agricultural and forestry pests and diseases, but the improper application of chemical pesticides causes a series of problems. Therefore, the research progress of the key technologies for the pesticide atomizing and nozzles, the inline pesticide mixing, the variable-rate control, the profiling spray, the droplet drift control, the electrostatic spraying, and the intelligent targeting spraying were analyzed. The development of six kinds of typical plant protection machinery was reviewed, that was, anti-droplet-drift sprayers, profiling sprayers, high clearance self-propelled sprayers, weeds control machines, orchard sprayers, and intelligent targeting sprayers. And the development of the aviation plant protection equipment, including the plant protection UAV and its key components was also reviewed. Then, the research concept and general ideas of environment-friendly pesticide spraying machinery, which were the “green and environment-friendly, precision and high efficiency”, were put forward. It was proposed to develop plant protection robots and special-purpose plant protection machinery, such as plant protection robot and its array design, plant protection machinery for specific applications, aviation pesticide application equipment and plant protection UAV. The intelligent IoT-driven pesticide spraying system was introduced, including the intelligent identification of pests targets and the precautionary prevention system, the intelligent plant protection information transmission system through wireless Internet of Things, the three-dimensional intelligent collaborative capability for the pesticide spray system. The key technology of plant protection machinery, including new nozzles and inline pesticide mixing, intelligent and flexible transport platform was put forward. It was suggested that more attention should be paid to help researchers better carry out disruptive innovative research on advanced plant protection machinery.

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鄭加強(qiáng),徐幼林.環(huán)境友好型農(nóng)藥噴施機(jī)械研究進(jìn)展與展望[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(3):1-16. ZHENG Jiaqiang, XU Youlin. Development and Prospect in Environment-friendly Pesticide Sprayers[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(3):1-16.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-11
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2021-03-10
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