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保護性耕作下土壤水分變化特征模擬研究
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國家自然科學基金地區(qū)科學基金項目(31660348),、甘肅省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(18YF1NA070),、甘肅省自然科學基金項目(20JR10RA509)、甘肅省財政專項(GSCZZ-20160909),、甘肅省高等學校創(chuàng)新基金項目(2020B-121)和甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學信息科學技術(shù)學院發(fā)展基金項目(GAU-XKFZJJ-2012-12)


Simulation on Variation Characteristics of Soil Water Content under Conservation Tillage
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    摘要:

    為了對隴中黃土高原溝壑區(qū)不同保護性耕作措施下的土壤含水率進行差異性分析,,利用長期定位試驗,設(shè)置春小麥/豌豆,、豌豆/春小麥輪作序列下傳統(tǒng)耕作,、免耕、傳統(tǒng)耕作秸稈覆蓋和免耕覆蓋4種耕作措施,,以當?shù)卦缕骄鶜鉁?、月降水量、月平均輻射量,、月平均蒸發(fā)量,、月作物耗水量作為輸入,以0~200cm土層土壤含水率作為輸出,,建立基于長短期記憶(Long short-term memory, LSTM)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的土壤含水率預測模型,,并對模型的有效性進行評估,然后利用該模型模擬4種耕作措施下0~200cm土層土壤含水率的動態(tài)變化過程,。結(jié)果表明,,基于LSTM神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立的土壤含水率模型對隴中黃土高原溝壑區(qū)保護性耕作下土壤含水率預測具有較好的適用性,其模擬值與實測值的平均均方根誤差為2.29%,、平均相對誤差為6.79%,、平均決定系數(shù)為0.82。豌豆/春小麥輪作序列中4種耕作措施下的土壤含水率比春小麥/豌豆輪作序列的土壤含水率增加1.49%,、1.61%,、1.69%和1.76%,4種耕作措施下0~200cm土層的土壤含水率由大到小依次為:免耕覆蓋,、免耕,、傳統(tǒng)耕作秸稈覆蓋、傳統(tǒng)耕作,,免耕覆蓋下的土壤含水率分別比免耕,、傳統(tǒng)耕作秸稈覆蓋和傳統(tǒng)耕作增加1.27%、1.75%和2.81%,。免耕覆蓋對0~30cm土層土壤含水率的影響最為顯著,,其土壤含水率分別比免耕、傳統(tǒng)耕作秸稈覆蓋和傳統(tǒng)耕作平均增加1.60%,、2.63%和4.18%,。4種耕作措施下的土壤含水率隨季節(jié)發(fā)生變化,,免耕覆蓋下的土壤含水率整體高于其他3種耕作措施,且在作物生長前期的蓄水保墑效果更加顯著,。研究區(qū)豌豆/春小麥輪作序列中4種耕作措施的土壤含水率相對較高,,而不同耕作措施下免耕覆蓋更有利于提高該地區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤水分,為隴中黃土高原溝壑區(qū)最適宜的耕作方式,。

    Abstract:

    Long-term positioning experiment was used to set up four sorts of tillage measures (traditional tillage, no-tillage, traditional tillage straw mulching and no-tillage with straw cover) for the rotation sequence of spring wheat/pea and pea/spring wheat. The monthly precipitation, monthly average radiation, monthly average evaporation, and monthly crop water consumption were used as input factors, and monthly average soil water content was used as an output to establish a prediction model of soil water content based on long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, and the validity of the model was evaluated to analyze the differences of soil water content effect of different conservation tillage measures in the Loess Plateau gully region of central Gansu, then the model was applied to simulate the dynamics of the soil water content under four tillage measures in the 0~200cm soil layer. The results demonstrated that the soil water model based on LSTM neural network had good applicability for predicting soil water content under conservation tillage in the Loess Plateau gully region of central Gansu, the average root mean square error, mean relatively error and determination coefficient of the model were 2.29%, 6.79% and 0.82, respectively. In pea/spring wheat rotation sequence, the soil water content of four treatments was increased by 1.49%, 1.61%, 1.69% and 1.76%, respectively, compared with spring wheat/pea, the descending order of soil water content of the four tillage measures was as follows: no-tillage with straw cover, no-tillage, traditional tillage straw mulching, and traditional tillage in 0~200cm soil layer, the average soil water content of no-tillage with straw cover was increased by 1.27%, 1.75% and 2.81%, respectively, compared with no-tillage, traditional tillage straw mulching, and traditional tillage. The no-tillage with straw cover had the most significant effect on soil water content in 0~30cm soil layer, the average soil water content of no-tillage with straw cover was increased by 1.60%, 2.63% and 4.18%, respectively, compared with no-tillage, traditional tillage straw mulching, and traditional tillage. Soil water content of four tillage measures was changed with seasons, but the soil water content effect of no-tillage with straw cover was better than that of the other three tillage measures, the effects of water storage and soil moisture conservation were more significant during pre-crop growth. The LSTM neural network model achieved good simulation results on the soil water content in the Loess Plateau gully region of central Gansu, the soil water content of four tillage measures in the pea/spring wheat rotation sequence was relatively higher, no-tillage with straw cover was beneficial to improve the soil water content of farmland in the study area the under four tillage measures, and the most suitable one was conservation tillage measure in the Loess Plateau gully region of central Gansu.

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王鈞,李廣,聶志剛,劉強,閆麗娟.保護性耕作下土壤水分變化特征模擬研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(1):263-274. WANG Jun, LI Guang, NIE Zhigang, LIU Qiang, YAN Lijuan. Simulation on Variation Characteristics of Soil Water Content under Conservation Tillage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(1):263-274.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-10
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