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軸流式花生撿拾收獲機設計與試驗
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中央級公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務費專項(S201936-38),、國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0702102)和國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)花生產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項目(CARS-13)


Design and Test of Axial-flow Peanut Picking and Harvesting Machine
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    摘要:

    針對花生全喂入撿拾收獲過程撿拾率低、莢果損失率高,、生產(chǎn)率低等問題,,基于花生生物學特點、莢-柄脫離特性及莢果破損機理,,設計了一種軸流式花生撿拾收獲機,。整機采用自走式底盤驅(qū)動,配套動力120kW,,主要由撿拾裝置,、輸送裝置、摘果裝置,、清選裝置,、底盤系統(tǒng)、集果裝置等組成,,可一次完成對田間條鋪花生植株的撿拾,、輸送、果蔓脫離,、果雜清選,、提升集果等功能,。在分析整機工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,,進行了關(guān)鍵部件結(jié)構(gòu)設計及參數(shù)確定,,通過動量守恒原理和赫茲接觸理論建立撿拾過程的碰撞模型和摘果裝置關(guān)鍵參數(shù)方程,并對莢果破損和莢-柄分離力學模型進行了定量分析,,確定以彈齒轉(zhuǎn)速,、摘果滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速、機具前進速度為主要影響因素,,并針對“開農(nóng)61”品種花生進行試驗研究,。結(jié)果表明,最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為彈齒轉(zhuǎn)速68r/min,、摘果滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速447r/min,、機具前進速度1.4m/s,對應的撿拾率為98.62%,、莢果損失率為2.11%,、生產(chǎn)率為0.61hm2/h,撿拾率,、生產(chǎn)率比優(yōu)化前分別提高了2.1,、4.5個百分點,莢果損失率比優(yōu)化前降低了0.9個百分點,,綜合性能明顯提高,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of low picking-up rate, high pods loss rate and low productivity in the process of picking and harvesting peanuts with full feeding, an axial-flow peanut picking-up combine harvester was designed. The whole machine was driven by self-propelled chassis with supporting power of 120kW. The picking speed, conveying speed, pods picking speed, cleaning frequency, cleaning fan speed and bucket lifting speed were controlled by chain and belt combined transmission. The machine was mainly composed of picking device, conveying device, pods picking device, cleaning device, chassis system, pods collecting device, etc. It could complete the tests of picking, conveying, pods vine separation, pods impurity cleaning, and pods collection in one time, which can reduce labor and cost. On the basis of analyzing the working principle of the whole machine, the structural design and parameter determination of the key parts were carried out. The collision energy model of separation process and the mechanical model of pod-handle separation were established by the principle of energy conservation. Based on this equation, quantitative analysis was carried out, and the main influencing factors were the elastic teeth speed, machine forward speed;and picked speed. The results showed that the significant order of picking-up rate was elastic teeth speed, machine forward speed and picked speed;the significant order of pods loss rate was elastic teeth speed, picked speed and machine forward speed;the significant order of productivity influence was machine forward speed, elastic teeth speed and picked speed;the optimal combination was 68r/min for elastic teeth, 447r/min for pods picking drum and 1.4m/s for machine forward speed. The corresponding picking-up rate was 98.62%, the pods loss rate was 2.11% and the productivity was 0.61hm2/h. The picking-up rate and productivity were 2.1 and 4.5 percentage points higher than that before, and the pods loss rate was 0.9 percentage poins lower than before. Comprehensive performance was obviously improved. It was worth noting that this test was based on the picking-up mechanism of axial peanut full feeding harvester, and the test object was only “Kainong 61”. It was suggested that the performance of different peanut varieties and harvesting equipment with different structures should be discussed in depth.

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王伯凱,胡志超,曹明珠,張鵬,于昭洋,張沖.軸流式花生撿拾收獲機設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(1):109-118,98. WANG Bokai, HU Zhichao, CAO Mingzhu, ZHANG Peng, YU Zhaoyang, ZHANG Chong. Design and Test of Axial-flow Peanut Picking and Harvesting Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(1):109-118,,98.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-10
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