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2BM-4型藜麥覆膜精量播種機設(shè)計與試驗
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山東省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系雜糧產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新團隊建設(shè)項目(SDAIT-15-01)、山東省農(nóng)業(yè)良種工程項目(2019LZGC017)和山東省農(nóng)業(yè)科學院農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新工程項目(CXGC2016A02)


Design and Test of 2BM-4 Film Mulch Precision Planter for Quinoa
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    摘要:

    針對目前國內(nèi)缺乏藜麥專用播種機械的現(xiàn)狀,,設(shè)計了一種藜麥覆膜精量播種機,。根據(jù)藜麥覆膜精量種植農(nóng)藝要求,采用滴灌管淺埋開溝技術(shù),,使用滑刀式開溝器在兩側(cè)種行間開出寬45mm,、深20mm的淺溝,,用于埋設(shè)滴灌管;采用隨動仿形覆膜裝置將地膜鋪設(shè)于整平裝置整平后的地表上,;設(shè)計了翼勺式取種器,,確定了種勺結(jié)構(gòu)和側(cè)孔、容種腔的長度,,以實現(xiàn)藜麥精量取種,;采用滾筒式穴播器在地膜上打穴播種,采用覆土裝置將土壤輸送至種行進行覆蓋,,完成播種過程,。以白藜品種“隴藜1號”為試驗對象,采用三因素四水平正交試驗設(shè)計方法,,試驗分析播種機的作業(yè)速度,、側(cè)孔長度、充種高度對播種性能的影響,。結(jié)果表明,,當播種機作業(yè)速度為1.0m/s、側(cè)孔長度為10mm,、充種高度140mm時,,播種機性能指標最佳,此時合格指數(shù)為85.4%,,空穴指數(shù)為1.7%,,漏播指數(shù)為5.2%,重播指數(shù)為9.4%,,播深合格指數(shù)為88.1%,,各項性能指標均達到了設(shè)計要求和相關(guān)標準要求,滿足藜麥種植的覆膜精量播種要求,。

    Abstract:

    Quinoa as an emerging healthy food of rich nutrition has developed rapidly in recent years, but there is little research about the farming equipment of quinoa. Considering the shortage of research on dedicated sowing machine of quinoa in China, a film mulch precision quinoa seed sowing machine was developed. Based on the planting requirements of filmcovering precision quinoa, the drip irrigation pipes were buried in the trench (45mm wide and 20mm deep) between rows dug by the obtuse furrow opener. A layer of film was laid by the adaptive profiling film covering device on the surface flattened by the leveling device. A wingspoon seed storage tank was designed with specified structure and sizes of the spoon, side holes and seed chamber. Six drumtype hole sowing devices (with the radius of the seed metering device as 210mm) were used to dig holes and sow seeds through the film. The whole precision sowing process was completed by covering rows with soil conveyed via the earthing roller. With a white variety of quinoa “Long Quinoa No.1” as the test object, using orthogonal test method of three factors and four levels, the influence of operating speed, length of the seed chamber and seed depth on the seeding result was studied. The result indicated that the factors for the qualification of the sowing machine rank from top to down were operating speed, the length of the seed chamber and seed depth. By optimization, when the moving speed of the machine was 1.0m/s, the length of the side hole was 10mm and the seed depth was 140mm, the machine achieved its best performance. Specifically, the machine had a qualified rate (2~4 seeds per hole) of 85.4%, empty rate (no seed) of 1.7%, shortage rate (less than 2 seeds per hole) of 52% and repetition rate (over 4 seeds per hole) of 9.4% with rate of qualified depth of 88.1%. All these indicators either matched or exceeded the design requirements and related standards, perfectly in line with the growing requirements of quinoa. The research result can provide theoretical reference for film mulch precision quinoa sowing and promote the mechanization of growing quinoa. 

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王小瑜,康建明,丁漢鳳,彭強吉,張春艷,李娜娜.2BM-4型藜麥覆膜精量播種機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(12):86-94. WANG Xiaoyu, KANG Jianming, DING Hanfeng, PENG Qiangji, ZHANG Chunyan, LI Nana. Design and Test of 2BM-4 Film Mulch Precision Planter for Quinoa[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(12):86-94.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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