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U型腔道式水稻精量穴播排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51805005),、安徽省科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(17030701045)和安徽省高校科學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目(KJ2018A0134)


Design and Experiment of U-shaped Cavity Type Precision Hill-drop Seed-metering Device for Rice
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    摘要:

    為適應(yīng)常規(guī)水稻輕簡(jiǎn)化精量穴直播種植,,通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)化排種裝置,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種U型腔道式水稻精量穴播排種器?;诘痉N的物理機(jī)械特性與穴直播農(nóng)藝要求,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種充種口與投種口分開(kāi)但相通的腔道式排種盤(pán),構(gòu)建了稻種充種,、投種過(guò)程的力學(xué)模型,,確定了排種盤(pán)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。以常規(guī)稻品種“黃華占”為試驗(yàn)稻種,,借助高速攝像儀和JPS-12型排種器性能檢測(cè)試驗(yàn)臺(tái),,分別進(jìn)行了型孔數(shù)、型孔長(zhǎng)度,、型孔寬度,、型孔傾角和投種角對(duì)排種器精量排種性能和成穴播種性能影響的試驗(yàn)研究。高速攝像試驗(yàn)表明:當(dāng)排種盤(pán)的型孔數(shù)為20,、型孔長(zhǎng)度為10.6mm,、型孔寬度為7.6mm、型孔傾角為0°時(shí),,排種器精量排種性能較優(yōu),,此時(shí)漏播率為0.40%,合格率為94.00%,,重播率為5.60%,,種子破損率為0.13%。排種器性能臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)表明:投種角對(duì)穴徑平均值和穴徑合格率影響極顯著,,對(duì)穴距變異系數(shù)影響顯著,,適宜的投種角為28°~33°,此時(shí)穴徑平均值不高于27.14mm,,穴徑合格率不低于96.67%,,穴距平均值在理論穴距140mm左右,,穴距變異系數(shù)不大于7.80%。田間試驗(yàn)表明:排種器的播種合格率為90.28%,,漏播率為0.83%,,重播率為8.89%,穴徑平均值為46.71mm,,穴徑合格率為71.67%,,穴距平均值為137.21mm,穴距變異系數(shù)為12.64%,,滿足常規(guī)稻大田精量穴直播的種植要求,。

    Abstract:

    In order to adapt simplification precision hilldrop seeding for conventional rice and simplify the seedmetering device, a unique Ushaped cavity type precision hilldrop seedmetering device for rice was designed. Based on the mechanical characteristics of rice seeds and its agronomy requirements of hilldrop seeding, a cavity type seeding plate was put forward, which characterized with seeddropping orifice and seedfilling orifice connected by the cavity, the mechanical models of the process of seed filling and dropping were constructed, and the main structural parameters of the seeding plate were determined. The seeding objects was “Huanghuazhan” (conventional rice), experimental studies were respectively carried out on the effects of the number, length, width and inclination of the seedfilling orifice and seeddropping angle on the seeding performance of precision and hilldrop of the seedmetering device by means of highspeed camera and JPS-12 type seedmetering device performance test bench. Highspeed camera test results indicated that the precision seeding performance of the seedmetering device was better when the number, length, width and inclination of the seedfilling orifice were 20, 10.6mm, 7.6mm and 0 degree, respectively. Correspondingly, the missseeding rate (less than 3 seeds per hole), qualified rate (3~8 seeds per hole), reseeding rate (more than 8 seeds per hole) and seed damage rate were 0.40%, 94.00%, 5.60% and 0.13%, respectively. JPS-12 type seedmetering device performance bench test results indicated that the seeddropping angle very significantly affected the average value and qualified rate of hole diameter, and significantly affected the variation coefficient of hole distance. The suitable seeddropping angle of seedmetering device was 28°~33°. Under the above range of seeddropping angle, all the average hole diameter were not more than 27.14mm, all the qualified rate of hole diameter were not less than 96.67%, all the average hole distances were about 140mm, and all the variation coefficient of hole distance were not more than 7.80%. The results of field experiment showed that the qualified rate, missseeding rate and reseeding rate were 90.28%, 0.83% and 8.89%, respectively. And the average hole diameter of 46.71mm, qualified rate of hole diameter of 71.67%, average hole distance of 137.21mm and variation coefficient of hole distance of 12.64% were found in the field experiment. All the sowing performance satisfied the general precision direct hilldrop seeding requirement of conventional rice in field. The research result provided a theoretical reference for the simplification design of the mechanical seedmetering device.

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張順,李勇,王浩宇,廖娟,李兆東,朱德泉. U型腔道式水稻精量穴播排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(10):98-108. ZHANG Shun, LI Yong, WANG Haoyu, LIAO Juan, LI Zhaodong, ZHU Dequan. Design and Experiment of U-shaped Cavity Type Precision Hill-drop Seed-metering Device for Rice[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(10):98-108.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-10-10
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