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柔性機(jī)械式大豆精量排種器設(shè)計與試驗
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現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項資金項目(GARS-04),、黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金項目(E2018008),、國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018YFD0201004)和北方寒地現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備技術(shù)重點實驗室開放項目(KF18-05)


Design and Experiment of Flexible Mechanical Soybean Precision Seed-metering Device
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    摘要:

    針對免耕播種作業(yè)時沙土和碎秸等飄浮物被氣吸式排種器吸入充種室內(nèi),,導(dǎo)致排種工作部件損壞、排種質(zhì)量降低等問題,,設(shè)計了一種柔性清護(hù)種機(jī)械式大豆精量排種器,。對排種器工作過程進(jìn)行理論分析,確定了影響工作性能的主要結(jié)構(gòu)與工作參數(shù),;通過單因素對比試驗確定了對排種性能影響最小的護(hù)種毛刷材料,;采用三因素五水平二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)中心組合試驗方法,以作業(yè)速度,、充種傾角,、護(hù)種距離為試驗因素,以合格指數(shù),、漏播指數(shù),、重播指數(shù)和破損指數(shù)為評價指標(biāo),應(yīng)用Design-Expert 8.0.6.1軟件對試驗結(jié)果進(jìn)行方差分析,。結(jié)果表明:各因素對合格指數(shù)的影響顯著性由大到小依次為作業(yè)速度,、護(hù)種距離、充種傾角,,各因素對漏播指數(shù)的影響顯著性由大到小依次為護(hù)種距離,、作業(yè)速度、充種傾角,,各因素對重播指數(shù)的影響顯著性由大到小依次為作業(yè)速度,、充種傾角,護(hù)種距離影響不顯著,,各因素對破損指數(shù)的影響顯著性由大到小依次為護(hù)種距離,、作業(yè)速度、充種傾角,;當(dāng)作業(yè)速度為8~12km/h,、充種傾角70°、護(hù)種距離為-1.5mm時,,排種合格指數(shù)大于94%,、漏播指數(shù)小于3%、重播指數(shù)小于3%,、破損指數(shù)小于0.2%,,滿足免耕大豆高速精量播種作業(yè)要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems that multiple floating debris like sand and broken straw are often sucked into seeding compartments by airsuction seedmetering devices during notillage sowing operations, causing lower seed metering quality, a flexible mechanical type soybean seedmetering device with seedcleaning and maintaining functions was designed. Through a series of theoretical analyses of operation process of seedmetering device, the main structures and working parameters which might affect actual working performances were further determined. And by selecting PE wire, bristle and nylon as seedprotecting brush materials, a series of singlefactor comparisons were conducted, it was showed that there was no significant difference between bristle and nylon in making effects on pass indexes. But PE wire had significant effects upon these pass indexes. As for effects on missedsowing index and repeatedsowing index, there was no significant difference between nylon and bristle. However, PE wire achieved significant effect upon this index. For the damage index, there were significant differences between the above three materials. And through further comparative analyses, by selecting nylon as brush material, adopting 3factor 5level orthogonal revolving combination way and Design-Expert 8.0.6.1, taking operation speed, seedfilling inclination angle and seedprotection distance as test factors, as well as applying pass index, missed index, repeated index and damage index as evaluation indicators, the experimental data was further processed. It was showed that the actual effect degrees of all the above factors which made on pass index were operation speed, seedprotection distance and seedfilling inclination angle from the greatest to the least. Actual effects of all the above factors made on index missedsowing index were seedprotection distance, seedfilling inclination angle and operation speed from the greatest to the least. And actual effects of all these factors made upon repeatedsowing index were operation speed, seedfilling inclination angle and seedprotection distance from the greatest to the least. And actual effects of all these above factors brought on damage index were seedprotection distance, operation speed and seedfilling inclination angle from the greatest to the least. When operating speed was 8~12km/h, seedfilling inclination angle reached 70° and seed protection distance came to be -1.5mm, such seedmetering device can pass 94% of total seeds, and missedseeding index was less than 3%, missedsowing index was less than 3%, and damage index was less than 0.2%, meeting the agronomic technical requirements for soybeans highspeed precision sowing under condition of notillage.

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侯守印,鄒震,魏志鵬,祝祎璠,陳海濤.柔性機(jī)械式大豆精量排種器設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2020,51(10):77-86,108. HOU Shouyin, ZOU Zhen, WEI Zhipeng, ZHU Yifan, CHEN Haitao. Design and Experiment of Flexible Mechanical Soybean Precision Seed-metering Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(10):77-86,108.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-01-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-10-10
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