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農(nóng)用無人飛機法規(guī)與標準制定現(xiàn)狀分析
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0701000)和中央級公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務費專項資金項目(SR201903)


Review on Current State of Agricultural UAS Regulations and Standards
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    摘要:

    近年來,,我國農(nóng)用無人飛機產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展,,應用領域不斷擴展,但相關配套的法規(guī)和標準卻相對滯后,。本文系統(tǒng)梳理了國際上主要標準制定,、標準實施的組織和機構,標準制定目標與主要依據(jù),;闡述了日本農(nóng)用無人飛機管理機構,、管理方法與標準使用;我國無人飛機管理,、相關政策法規(guī)與標準體系建設情況,;我國農(nóng)用無人飛機現(xiàn)有政策法規(guī),行業(yè),、地方以及團體標準制定情況,。提出為引領行業(yè)健康發(fā)展,在我國《無人駕駛航空器系統(tǒng)標準體系建設指南》框架下,,在農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部主導建設下,,各級管理機構和標準化組織應從產(chǎn)品(質(zhì)量)標準、子部件與性能試驗等技術標準,、操作規(guī)范與人員培訓等管理標準方面繼續(xù)開展標準化工作,;標準制定不局限于植保無人飛機,,還應制定播種、施肥,、遙感,、輔助授粉等應用標準;應建立涵蓋生產(chǎn),、流通,、應用、培訓,、登記認證等環(huán)節(jié)標準支撐管理需求,。通過標準的科學制定與實施,進一步規(guī)范行業(yè)發(fā)展,,驅(qū)動自主創(chuàng)新,,提升農(nóng)用無人飛機產(chǎn)業(yè)在國內(nèi)外市場競爭力。

    Abstract:

    In recent years, industry and application of agricultural unmanned aerial system (UAS) have been expanding rapidly and greatly. However, supporting regulations and standards on agricultural UAS are relatively lagging behind. The crucial standards formulating and implementing organizations and institutions in a global view, along with standards setting goals and basis were systematically reviewed. Agricultural UAS management organization, regulations and standards application in Japan were studied in detail. Current policies and regulations of industrial and agricultural UAS in China were also introduced, along with industry development and local standards. To lead the healthy development of UAS industry in China, regulation and standardization organizations at all levels keeping on UAS standardization work were concentrated on three aspects, including product (quality) standards, technical standards such as sub components and performance tests, operation specifications and personnel training management standards. All agricultural UAS standard construction works were led by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, under the framework of Guidelines for Standardization Construction of Unmanned Aerial System. Proposed standards were not confined to plantprotection merely, which also included UAS application standards for fertilization, remote sensing, and auxiliary pollination and so on. Standards covering processes of production, circulation, application, training, registration and certification, should be established to support UAS management. Through scientific formulation and implementation of UAS standards, it would surely further regulate the industry development and drive independent innovation. Competitiveness of the agricultural UAS industry in the domestic and foreign markets would be enhanced.

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薛新宇,顧偉,徐陽,孫竹,蘭玉彬.農(nóng)用無人飛機法規(guī)與標準制定現(xiàn)狀分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(10):1-10. XUE Xinyu, GU Wei, XU Yang, SUN Zhu, LAN Yubin. Review on Current State of Agricultural UAS Regulations and Standards[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(10):1-10.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-10-10
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