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油菜覆膜打孔穴播機(jī)打孔裝置設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700702)、國家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)體系專項(xiàng)(CARS-12)和湖北省科技廳農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新行動項(xiàng)目


Design and Experiment of Membrane Punch Device for Rapeseed Film Perforating and Precision Dibbling-planter
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    摘要:

    為實(shí)現(xiàn)油菜等小粒徑作物覆膜種植中膜上均勻打孔的功能,,針對傳統(tǒng)膜上成穴裝置結(jié)構(gòu)龐大復(fù)雜,、工作時易黏土挑種及撕挑地膜等問題,設(shè)計了一種法蘭式滾輪與螺紋式圓錐型錐釘組合式結(jié)構(gòu)的打孔裝置,,確定了其主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)范圍,;構(gòu)建了打孔裝置運(yùn)動學(xué)模型,分析了打孔錐釘關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動軌跡,,確定了膜上打孔過程,,并基于軌跡方程分析了膜孔尺寸參數(shù);運(yùn)用ADAMS運(yùn)動學(xué)仿真,采用四因素三水平正交試驗(yàn)方法,,以打孔錐釘頂角,、打孔錐釘直徑、打孔滾輪半徑,、機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度為試驗(yàn)因素,,以膜孔長度、膜孔間距偏差為試驗(yàn)考核指標(biāo),,進(jìn)行了打孔裝置結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)動參數(shù)的仿真試驗(yàn),。仿真結(jié)果表明:影響膜孔長度的因素主次順序?yàn)榇蚩诐L輪半徑、打孔錐釘頂角,、打孔錐釘直徑,、機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度;影響膜孔間距偏差的因素主次順序?yàn)榇蚩诐L輪半徑,、機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度,、打孔錐釘頂角、打孔錐釘直徑,;基于參數(shù)優(yōu)化,,獲得較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:打孔錐釘頂角53°、打孔錐釘直徑16mm,、打孔滾輪半徑65mm,、機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度4km/h。以打孔裝置較優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合進(jìn)行了田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),,〖JP+1〗結(jié)果表明:打孔裝置所打膜孔形狀較規(guī)則,,普遍呈類圓形狀,膜孔長度均在18mm以上,,膜孔間距較為均勻,與仿真結(jié)果基本一致,;各行膜孔長度一致性變異系數(shù)為4.98%,,各行膜孔間距均勻性變異系數(shù)為3.44%。結(jié)果表明試驗(yàn)參數(shù)組合選取合理,,打孔裝置符合設(shè)計要求,。

    Abstract:

    In order to achieve the function of uniformly punching holes in the film for smallgrain crops such as rapeseed, a film hole forming device with a flangetype roller and screwtype conical nail was designed to solve the problems existed in traditional holeforming seeding device like large and complicated structure, adhering soil and seeds, and film damage. The ranges of main structural parameters were determined. The kinematics model of film hole forming device was built. The trajectories of key points of conical nail were analyzed. The punching process on film was determined and the film hole size was analyzed based on the trajectory equation. The fourfactor and threelevel virtual orthogonal experimental study of structural and working parameters of film hole forming device were carried out with the aid of ADAMS. The apex angle of conical nails, the diameter of conical nails, the radius of wheel, and the working speed were used as experimental factors. The film hole length and the distance deviation between two membrane holes were used as experimental evaluation. The simulation experimental results showed that the order of factors affecting the film hole length was the radius of wheel, the apex angle of conical nails, the diameter of conical nails, and the working speed. The order of factors affecting the distance deviation between two membrane holes was the radius of wheel, working speed, apex angle of conical nails, and diameter of conical nails. A better parameter combination was obtained: the apex angle of conical nails was 53°, the diameter of conical nails was 16mm, the radius of wheel was 65mm, and the working speed was 4km/h. The field experiments were carried out with the optimal parameter combination. The results showed that the shape of most of film holes was regular and generally roundlike. The length of film holes was more than 18mm, which was consistent with the simulation results. The coefficient of variation of film hole length in each row was 4.98% and the variation coefficient of uniformity of film hole spacing in each row was 3.44%. The experimental results showed that the combination of experimental parameters was reasonable. The film hole forming device satisfied the design requirements. 

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廖慶喜,王迪,姚露,林翩,王磊,張青松.油菜覆膜打孔穴播機(jī)打孔裝置設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2020,51(8):62-72. LIAO Qingxi, WANG Di, YAO Lu, LIN Pian, WANG Lei, ZHANG Qingsong. Design and Experiment of Membrane Punch Device for Rapeseed Film Perforating and Precision Dibbling-planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(8):62-72.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-08-10
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