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水炭運(yùn)籌下稻田土壤氮素分布與盈虧15N示蹤分析
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFC0400108)


15N Tracer Analysis of Nitrogen Distribution and Break-even in Paddy Soil under Water and Biochar Management
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    摘要:

    為揭示水炭運(yùn)籌下銨態(tài)氮,、硝態(tài)氮在不同土層的分布規(guī)律和土壤氮素在水稻植株中的分布規(guī)律,,設(shè)置兩種水分管理模式(淺濕干灌溉、常規(guī)淹灌)和4個秸稈生物炭施用量水平(0,、2.5,、12.5、25t/hm2),,采用田間小區(qū)和15N示蹤微區(qū)結(jié)合的方法,,研究了不同水炭運(yùn)籌下0~60cm土層NH+4N、NO-3N和肥料NH+415N,、NO-315N的累積分布,,以及土壤氮素在水稻植株中的分布情況,并計算了不同水炭運(yùn)籌下的土壤盈虧狀況,。試驗結(jié)果表明:淺濕干灌溉模式下,,稻田土壤中的NH+4N累積量隨土層深度的增加而減小,施加適量的秸稈生物炭增加了0~20cm土層NH+4N,、NO-3N累積量,,同時減少了20~60cm土層的累積量。相同秸稈生物炭施用水平下,,淺濕干灌溉模式0~20cm土層中NH+4N,、NO-3N累積量和肥料NH+4 15N、NO-3.15N累積量均高于常規(guī)淹灌模式,,淺濕干灌溉模式20~40cm和40~60cm土層NO-3.15N累積量較常規(guī)淹灌模式顯著降低(P<0.05),。淺濕干灌溉模式積累的土壤氮素有979%~1396%分布在植株葉片,15.71%~20.03%分布在植株莖鞘,,66.00%~74.50%分布在植株穗部,。綜合考慮寒地黑土區(qū)土壤氮庫盈虧平衡,淺濕干灌溉模式施加12.5t/hm2秸稈生物炭的水炭運(yùn)籌模式最優(yōu),。

    Abstract:

    In order to reveal the distribution of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in different soil layers and the distribution of soil nitrogen in plants under water and biochar management, the accumulation and distribution of NH+4N and NO-3N, fertilizer NH+415N and NO-315N in 0~60cm soil layers under different water and biochar management were studied by combining field plots with 15N tracer microarea, and the distribution of soil nitrogen in plants under different water and biochar management was calculated. The results showed that the accumulation of NH+4N in paddy soil was decreased with the increase of soil depth under dryshallowwet irrigation. The accumulation of NH+4N and NO-3N in 0~20cm soil layer was increased by applying appropriate amount of straw biochar, while the accumulation of NH+4N and NO-3N in 20~60cm soil layer was reduced. The accumulations of NH+4N, NO-3N and fertilizer NH+415N, NO-315N in 0~20cm soil layer of rice under the same straw biochar application level were higher than those of flooding irrigation. The accumulation of NO-315N in 20~40cm and 40~60cm soil layers of dryshallowwet model was significantly lower than that of conventional flooding (P<0.05) Totally 979%~1396% of the soil nitrogen accumulated in rice under dryshallowwet irrigation was distributed in plant leaves, 15.71%~20.03% was in plant stems and sheaths, and 66.00%~74.50% was in plant panicles. Considering the breakeven of soil nitrogen pool in cold and black soil area, the best water and biochar management model was dryshallowwet irrigation plus 12.5t/hm2 straw biochar.

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張作合,張忠學(xué),鄭衍波,李鐵成,韓羽,趙文博.水炭運(yùn)籌下稻田土壤氮素分布與盈虧15N示蹤分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2020,51(6):309-317,395. ZHANG Zuohe, ZHANG Zhongxue, ZHENG Yanbo, LI Tiecheng, HAN Yu, ZHAO Wenbo.15N Tracer Analysis of Nitrogen Distribution and Break-even in Paddy Soil under Water and Biochar Management[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(6):309-317,395.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-10-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-06-10
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